WordNet

of or relating to the pituitary gland; "pituitary hormone"
the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain (同)pituitary_gland, pituitary body, hypophysis
excessive largeness of stature (同)giantism

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脳下垂体の(から得られた) / =pituitary gland

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/24 23:31:37」(JST)

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Gigantism, also known as giantism (from Greek γίγας gigas, "giant", plural γίγαντες gigantes), is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone^[1] in childhood resulting in persons between 7 feet (84 inches) (2.13 m) and 9 feet (108 inches) (2.74 m) in height.

Terminology[edit]

Giantess Anna Swan with her parents

The term is typically applied to those whose height is not just in the upper 1% of the population but several standard deviations above mean for persons of the same sex, age, and ethnic ancestry. The term is seldom applied to those who are simply "tall" or "above average" whose heights appear to be the healthy result of normal genetics and nutrition. Gigantism is usually caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland of the brain. It causes growth of the hands, face, and feet.^[2] In some cases the condition can be passed on genetically through a mutated gene.^[3]

Other names somewhat obsolete for this pathology are hypersoma (Greek: hyper over the normal level; soma body) and somatomegaly (Greek; soma body, genitive somatos of the body; megas, gen. megalou great). In the past, while many of them were social outcasts because of their height, some (usually unintentionally) found employment in Friedrich Wilhelm I's famous Potsdam Giants regiment.

Many of those who have been identified with gigantism have suffered from multiple health issues involving their circulatory or skeletal system.

Giant Gonzales was a wrestler who had giant syndrome illness like other wrestlers such as Andre Rene Roussimoff and Dalip Singh.

In history, art and literature[edit]

Main article: Giant (mythology)

Reports of gigantism exist throughout history, with some nations and tribes taller than others.

The giants of Crete are listed in various historic sources, beginning with Titan, a Greek mythological giant, and including Gigantus, after whom giants and gigantism are named.^[4] Rhodes is another island where giants were said to have lived, with the Colossus of Rhodes a giant statue of a giant patron god Helios. Goliath, another giant, mentioned in the Bible, was a Philistine warrior who was slain by David in a battle between the Israelites and the Philistines.

Diagnosis[edit]

Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults. Evaluation of growth hormone hypersecretion cannot be excluded with a single normal GH level due to diurnal variation. However, a random blood sample showing markedly elevated GH is adequate for diagnosis of GH hypersecretion. Additionally, a high-normal GH level that fails to suppress with administration of glucose is also sufficient for a diagnosis of GH hypersecretion.^[5]

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is an excellent test for evaluation of GH hypersecretion. It does not undergo diurnal variation and will thus be consistently elevated in GH hypersecretion and therefore patients with gigantism. A single normal IGF-1 value will reliably exclude GH hypersecretion.^[6]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gigantism.

^ "Gigantism" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ "Gigantism". Question.com. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
^ In a Giant’s Story, a New Chapter Writ by His DNA - By Gina Kolata. The New York Times, January 5, 2011
^ It is interesting to note that Goliath is a Greek name and that the Philistines originated from the Greek and other Mediterranean islands.
^ De Mais, Daniel. ASCP Quick Compendium of Clinical Pathology, 2nd Ed. ASCP Press, Chicago, 2009.
^ De Mais, Daniel. ASCP Quick Compendium of Clinical Pathology, 2nd Ed. ASCP Press, Chicago, 2009.

External links[edit]

Acromegaly and Gigantism article
Brief overview of overgrowth syndromes in childhood PDF (2.95 MB)
Gigantism Clinical Trials from U.S. National Institutes of Health
Gigantism info from U.S. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services & the National Institutes of Health
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology info for Healthcare Professionals
Epidemiology of acromegaly from Pubmed.gov US National Library of Medicine & National Institutes of Health

UpToDate Contents

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1. 下垂体巨人症 pituitary gigantism
2. 高身長や異常に急激な成長がみられる小児 the child with tall stature and or abnormally rapid growth
3. 先端巨大症の原因および臨床症状 causes and clinical manifestations of acromegaly
4. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
5. 先端巨大症の診断 diagnosis of acromegaly

English Journal

Genomic insights into growth and its disorders: an update.

de Bruin C1, Dauber A.
Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity.Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes.2016 Feb;23(1):51-6. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000209.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides an update of the most striking new developments in the field of growth genetics over the past 12 months.RECENT FINDINGS: A number of large genome-wide association studies have identified new genetic loci and pathways associated to human growth and adult heigh
PMID 26702851

Pituitary gigantism: update on molecular biology and management.

Lodish MB1, Trivellin G, Stratakis CA.
Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity.Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes.2016 Feb;23(1):72-80. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000212.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on the mechanisms leading to pituitary gigantism, as well as to familiarize the practitioner with the implication of these genetic findings on treatment decisions.RECENT FINDINGS: Prior studies have identified gigantism as a feature of a number of monogenic di
PMID 26574647

Teratological Nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) From Wisconsin.

Larson SR1, Paskewitz SM1.
Journal of medical entomology.J Med Entomol.2015 Dec 17. pii: tjv198. [Epub ahead of print]
Abnormalities of physiological development (teratological forms) in ticks are rare. The occurrence of gigantism, dwarfism, gynandromorphs, missing legs, extra legs, and asymmetries is most often reported from lab-reared specimens, but has been observed in field-collected specimens. All morphological
PMID 26681790

Japanese Journal

Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sustained-release lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in Japanese patients with acromegaly or pituitary gigantism

SHIMATSU Akira,TERAMOTO Akira,HIZUKA Naomi,KITAI Kazuo,RAMIS Joaquim,CHIHARA Kazuo
Endocrine journal 60(5), 651-663, 2013-05-01
NAID 10031184533

Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sustained-release lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in Japanese patients with acromegaly or pituitary gigantism

, , , , ,
Endocrine Journal 60(5), 651-663, 2013
… We examined the dose-response relationship and long-term efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with acromegaly or pituitary gigantism. … In an open-label, parallel-group, dose-response study, 32 patients (29 with acromegaly, 3 with pituitary gigantism) received 5 injections of 60, 90, or 120 mg of lanreotide Autogel over 24 weeks. …
NAID 130004770424

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「巨人症」「下垂体性巨人症」
関連記事	「pituitary」「gigantism」

「巨人症」

Gigantism
	Classification and external resources
	; Robert Wadlow, the tallest man known to have lived (2.72 metres or 8 feet 11 inches) with his father, Harold Wadlow (1.82 metres or 6 feet 0 inches)
ICD-10	E22.0, E34.4
ICD-9	253.0
DiseasesDB	30730
MedlinePlus	001174
MeSH	D005877

　　[★]

英: gigantism
関: 下垂体性巨人症、pituitary gigantism

「下垂体性巨人症」

　　[★]

英: pituitary gigantism
関: 巨人症

「pituitary」

　　[★]

adj.

下垂体の

関: hypophyses、hypophysis、pituitary gland

「gigantism」

　　[★] 巨人症

関: giantism、macrosomia、pituitary gigantism

[1] "Gigantism" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[2] "Gigantism". Question.com. Retrieved 2012-03-14.

[3] In a Giant’s Story, a New Chapter Writ by His DNA - By Gina Kolata. The New York Times, January 5, 2011

[4] It is interesting to note that Goliath is a Greek name and that the Philistines originated from the Greek and other Mediterranean islands.

[5] De Mais, Daniel. ASCP Quick Compendium of Clinical Pathology, 2nd Ed. ASCP Press, Chicago, 2009.

[6] De Mais, Daniel. ASCP Quick Compendium of Clinical Pathology, 2nd Ed. ASCP Press, Chicago, 2009.

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pituitary gigantism