norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

WordNet

1. limit, block, or decrease the action or function of; "inhibit the action of the enzyme"; "inhibit the rate of a chemical reaction"
2. control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior (同)bottle up, suppress
3. limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs"
4. a substance that retards or stops an activity
5. a process of using up or consuming again; "psychopharmacologists discovered that amine reuptake is a process that inactivates monoamine neurotransmitters" (同)re-uptake

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈感情・欲望・行動・作用など〉‘を'抑制する / (…しないように)〈人〉‘を'抑制する,妨げる《+『名』+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
2. 抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/02 22:35:57」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

A norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI, NERI) or adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI), is a type of drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) by blocking the action of the norepinephrine transporter (NET). This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine and therefore an increase in adrenergic neurotransmission.

NRIs are commonly used in the treatment of conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy due to their psychostimulant effects and in obesity due to their appetite suppressant effects. They are also frequently used as antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety and panic disorder . Additionally, many drugs of abuse such as cocaine and methylphenidate possess NRI activity, though it is important to mention that NRIs without combined dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) properties are not significantly rewarding and hence are considered to have a negligible abuse potential. However, it is also mentionable that norepinephrine has been implicated as acting synergistically with dopamine when actions on the two neurotransmitters are combined (e.g., in the case of NDRIs) to produce rewarding effects in psychostimulant drugs of abuse.

For the past decade, the role of norepinephrine in depression has been somewhat neglected in favor of serotonin. This is largely because of the advent of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which have facilitated clinical and experimental observation of the roles of serotonin. Until now, no such tools have been available to study the noradrenergic system. However, the recent development of reboxetine, the first selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has allowed clinical investigation of the role of the noradrenergic system in different aspects of depressive disorders. In clinical trials, the use of reboxetine has shown that selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibition is an effective approach to alleviating depression. It is more effective than placebo and at least as effective as desipramine, imipramine and fluoxetine in the short term. In addition, its efficacy is maintained in patients with severe depression and in those receiving long-term maintenance treatment. Reboxetine is very well tolerated, as predicted from its pharmacological profile, having fewer anticholinergic side-effects than imipramine or desipramine. Compared with fluoxetine, patients treated with reboxetine experienced less nausea and sexual dysfunction, adverse events that are common among those taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Adverse events predicted by the neuroanatomy of the noradrenergic system, such as tremor and cardiovascular effects, occurred less frequently than expected. Clinical experience with reboxetine challenges our current knowledge of the role of norepinephrine in depression and questions existing evidence based on studies with noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressants. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, as exemplified by reboxetine, therefore offers a significant improvement in antidepressant pharmacotherapy.

A considerable proportion of patients fail to respond adequately to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Analysis of the unresolved symptoms suggests that a specific set of symptoms related to decreased positive affect respond poorly to serotonergic antidepressants, namely loss of pleasure, loss of interest, fatigue, and loss of energy. There is evidence to suggest that antidepressants that enhance norepinephrine offer a therapeutic advantage over serotonergic antidepressants in the treatment of symptoms associated with reduced positive affect.

List of NRIs

Many NRIs exist, including the following:

• Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
  • Amedalin (UK-3540-1)
  • Atomoxetine (Strattera)
  • CP-39,332
  • Daledalin (UK-3557-15)
  • Edivoxetine (LY-2216684)
  • Esreboxetine
  • Lortalamine (LM-1404)
  • Mazindol (Mazanor, Sanorex)
  • Nisoxetine (LY-94,939)
  • Reboxetine (Edronax, Vestra)
  • Talopram (Lu 3-010)
  • Talsupram (Lu 5-005)
  • Tandamine (AY-23,946)
  • Viloxazine (Vivalan)
  • Maprotiline (Deprilept, Ludiomil, Psymion)

• NRIs with activity at other sites
  • Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
  • Ciclazindol (Wy-23,409)
  • Manifaxine (GW-320,659)
  • Radafaxine (GW-353,162)
  • Tapentadol (Nucynta)
  • Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone)

• Other NRIs
  • Ethanol
  • Ginkgo biloba extract in 100 mg/kg quantity taken over a 14-day period

Note: Only NRIs selective for the NET over the other monoamine transporters (MATs) are listed here. For a list of NRIs that act at multiple MATs, see the other monoamine reuptake inhibitor pages such as NDRI, SNRI, and SNDRI.

See also

• Monoamine reuptake inhibitor

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. セロトニン - ノルエピネフリン再取り込み阻害剤（SNRIs）：薬理学、投与、および副作用 serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors snris pharmacology administration and side effects
• 2. 成人の注意欠陥多動性障害（ADHD）に対する薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• 3. 慢性疼痛の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of chronic pain
• 4. 強迫性障害に対する薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for obsessive compulsive disorder
• 5. 心的外傷後ストレス障害の薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

English Journal

• Pharmacotherapy options for cataplexy.

• Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y.SourceGui-de-Chauliac Hospital, National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology , CHU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5 , France +334 67 33 74 78 ; +334 67 33 72 85 ; y-dauvilliers@chu-montpellier.fr.
• Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.Expert Opin Pharmacother.2013 May;14(7):895-903. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.783021. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
• Introduction: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare disabling sleep disorder characterized by two major symptoms: excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy characterized by a sudden bilateral loss of voluntary muscular tone triggered by strong positive emotional factors. Pathophysiological studies ha
• PMID 23521426

• Psychomotor depressive symptoms may differentially respond to venlafaxine.

• Singh AB, Bousman CA, Ng CH, Byron K, Berk M.SourceaSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong Departments of bPsychiatry cGeneral Practice, The University of Melbourne dFlorey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health eOrygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville fCentre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorne gHealthscope Pathology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
• International clinical psychopharmacology.Int Clin Psychopharmacol.2013 May;28(3):121-6. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32835f1b9f.
• Predicting differential antidepressant efficacy remains an elusive goal in major depressive disorder (MDD). The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly, to examine if psychomotor retardation symptoms (item 8 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) improve preferentially to venlafaxine (
• PMID 23442739

Japanese Journal

• Effects of Adjuvant Analgesics on Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Mechanical Allodynia

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39(5), 856-862, 2016
• NAID 130005149261

• Improved prefrontal activity in AD/HD children treated with atomoxetine: a NIRS study.

• Brain and Development 37(1), 76-87, 2015-01
• NAID 120005697264

• Comparison of the Anti-tumor Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors as Well as Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(9), 1410-1414, 2015
• NAID 130005096993

---

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors」
関連記事	「inhibit」「inhibitor」「norepinephrine」「norepinephrin」

「serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors」

　　[★] セロトニン・ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬, SNRIs

「inhibit」

　　[★]

• v.

• 抑制する、阻害する、阻止する

関

abrogate、block、depress、depression、deter、inhibition、interdict、prevent、prevention、repress、repression、restrain、restraint、suppress、suppression

　 　 　 　

「inhibitor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 阻害剤、阻害薬、抑制薬、抑制剤、(内在性物質について)インヒビター、抑制物質

関

blocker、depressant、suppressant

　 　

「norepinephrine」

　　[★] ノルエピネフリン NE、ノルアドレナリン NA

「norepinephrin」

　　[★] ノルアドレナリン、ノルエピネフリン