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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/23 10:48:57」(JST)

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Microangiopathy (or microvascular disease, or small vessel disease) is an angiopathy (i.e.disease of blood vessels) affecting small blood vessels in the body.^[1] It can be contrasted to macroangiopathy.

The term cerebral small vessel disease refers to a group of pathological processes with various aetiologies that affect the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain. Age-related and hypertension-related small vessel diseases and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common forms.

Small vessel coronary disease is a type of coronary heart disease (CHD) that affects the heart's arterioles and capillaries. Small vessel coronary disease is also known as cardiac syndrome X, microvascular dysfunction, non-obstructive coronary disease, or microvascular angina.

Pathophysiology

One cause of microangiopathy is long-term diabetes mellitus. In this case, high blood glucose levels cause the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels to take in more glucose than normal (these cells do not depend on insulin). They then form more glycoproteins on their surface than normal, and also cause the basement membrane to grow thicker and weaker. The walls of the vessels become abnormally thick but weak, and therefore they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood through the body. Then some cells, for example in the retina (diabetic retinopathy) or kidney (diabetic nephropathy), may not get enough blood and may be damaged. Nerves, if not sufficiently supplied with blood, are also damaged which may lead to loss of function (diabetic neuropathy).

Massive microangiopathy may cause microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA).

References

^ "microangiopathy" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Histiocytic and Nonhistiocytic Glomerular Lesions: Foam Cells and Their Mimickers.

Kaur A1, Sethi S2.
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.Am J Kidney Dis.2016 Feb;67(2):329-36. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.040. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
Numerous histiocytes are sometimes noted in glomeruli, giving rise to a foamy-appearing glomerulus. Foamy-appearing glomeruli may also be noted in conditions that do not contain numerous histiocytes. These disease entities are rare, have different underlying causes and pathophysiology, and can cause
PMID 26606995

Systemic sclerosis: New evidence re-enforces the role of B cells.

Sakkas LI1, Bogdanos DP2.
Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2016 Feb;15(2):155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by widespread fibrosis, microangiopathy (vasospasms and stenosis), and formation of autoantibodies. T cell activation has been shown to contribute to fibrosis and microvasculopathy in SSc. However, recent evidence suggests that B cells are also likely to con
PMID 26497107

Variable Eculizumab Clearance Requires Pharmacodynamic Monitoring to Optimize Therapy for Thrombotic Microangiopathy after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Jodele S1, Fukuda T2, Mizuno K2, Vinks AA2, Laskin BL3, Goebel J4, Dixon BP4, Chima RS5, Hirsch R6, Teusink A7, Lazear D7, Lane A8, Myers KC8, Dandoy CE8, Davies SM8.
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2016 Feb;22(2):307-15. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.10.002. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with terminal complement activation, as measured by elevated plasma terminal complement (sC5b-9) concentrations, has a very high mortality. The complement inhibitor eculizumab may be a therapeutic option
PMID 26456258

Japanese Journal

症例報告眼底綿花様白斑を合併した全身性エリテマトーデスの1例 : 眼合併症と疾患活動性との関連性に関する検討

杉生真帆,青山裕美,梶田藍 [他]
臨床皮膚科 66(12), 960-964, 2012-11
NAID 40019486241

症例報告抗糸球体基底膜抗体陽性と血栓性微小血管障害症を合併したacute kidney injuryの1例

大久保愛子,清水優佳,入福泰介 [他]
日本透析医学会雑誌 45(10), 973-978, 2012-10
NAID 40019477961

造血幹細胞移植合併症の病理診断 (第74回日本血液学会学術集会教育講演特集号) -- (移植病理造血幹細胞移植)

大田泰徳
臨床血液 53(10), 1753-1758, 2012-10
NAID 40019447038

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「微小血管障害」「microangiopathic」「細小血管症」「微小血管症」「microvascular disease」
拡張検索	「thrombotic microangiopathy」

「微小血管障害」

Microangiopathy
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM	443.9

　　[★]

英: microangiopathy, microvascular disease
同？: 微小血管症、細小血管症、細小血管障害

[show details]

細小血管症 : 約 73,600 件
微小循環障害 : 約 213,000 件
微小血管症 : 約 53,700 件
小血管病変 : 約 22,600 件
細血管障害 : 約 23,000 件
微小血管障害 : 約 153,000 件

細小血管症 microangiopathy : 46 件
微小循環障害 microangiopathy : 約 48 件
微小血管症 microangiopathy : 84 件
小血管病変 microangiopathy : 20 件
細血管障害 microangiopathy : 28 件
微小血管障害 microangiopathy : 約 10,600 件

「microangiopathic」

　　[★]

adj.

微小血管症の、微小血管障害性の、細小血管症の

HELLP syndrome refers to a syndrome characterized by hemolysis with a microangiopathic blood smear, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count.(uptodate)