WordNet

relating to areas between the layers of the skin; "an intradermal injection" (同)intradermic, intracutaneous
into the skin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/24 21:58:49」(JST)

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This article is about the layer of skin. For the website, see DermIS (Dermatology Information System).

A graphic representation of the interface between skin epithelium and the underlying connective tissue. Zone B, indicating the region of overlapping projections of epithelium and connective tissue, is the papillary dermis. Zone C, indicating the region of dermis that lies immediately subjacent to the interdigitations of epithelium, is the reticular dermis.

The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.^[1] The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix.^[2] It also contains Mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and heat, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.

Components of the Dermis[edit]

The dermis is composed of three major types of cells:^[3] Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Adipocytes.

Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.^[3]

Layers[edit]

Stratum papillare[edit]

The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. This is named for its fingerlike projections called papillae, that extend toward the epidermis and contain either terminal networks of blood capillaries or tactile Meissner's corpuscles.^[4]

Stratum reticulare[edit]

The reticular region lies under the papillary region and is usually much thicker. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels.

Additional images[edit]

Epidermis and dermis of human skin.
Cross-section of all human skin layers.

References[edit]

^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. Pages 1, 11–12. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
^ Marks, James G; Miller, Jeffery (2006). Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology (4th ed.). Elsevier Inc. Page 8–9. ISBN 1-4160-3185-5.
^ ^a ^b The Ageing Skin - Structure
^ http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/vsc422/secure/VSC422AppledHistologyLabHandout.pdf

UpToDate Contents

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1. アレルギー疾患のための皮膚試験の概要 overview of skin testing for allergic disease
2. クロピドグレルへの過敏反応 hypersensitivity reactions to clopidogrel
3. 精漿に対するアレルギー反応 allergic reactions to seminal plasma
4. 壊疽性膿皮症：病因、臨床症状、および診断 pyoderma gangrenosum pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
5. 後天性表皮水疱症 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

English Journal

Comparison of intradermal injection with iontophoresis of abobotulinum toxin A for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a randomized, controlled trial.

Montaser-Kouhsari L1, Zartab H, Fanian F, Noorian N, Sadr B, Nassiri-Kashani M, Firooz A.Author information 1Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.AbstractBACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) injection is the treatment of choice for idiopathic axillary hyperhidrosis (IAH) refractory to conventional treatments.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Aug;25(4):337-41. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.739679. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
BACKGROUND: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) injection is the treatment of choice for idiopathic axillary hyperhidrosis (IAH) refractory to conventional treatments.OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy of BTX-A injection and iontophoresis for treatment of IAH in a randomized controlled tria
PMID 23106157

Skin Testing Versus Serum-Specific IgE Testing: Which Is Better for Diagnosing Aeroallergen Sensitization and Predicting Clinical Allergy?

de Vos G.Author information Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA, gabriele.de-vos@einstein.yu.edu.AbstractAn accurate diagnosis of aeroallergen sensitization is pivotal to clinical practice and research. Given the recent technological advances in analyzing serum allergen-specific IgE, the question of which testing method, skin or serum testing, is superior in diagnosing allergic sensitization must be readdressed, as well as their value in predicting clinical disease. This review article provides a detailed summary of recent studies addressing these questions. Conclusively, most studies show substantial discordance between serum-specific IgE and skin testing results, suggesting that the two testing methods compliment each other and cannot be used interchangeably. On average, using only one testing method may misdiagnose every fourth allergically sensitized patient as non-sensitized. In addition, depending on the allergen tested, skin prick testing and serum-specific IgE testing appear to be the methods of choice in predicting outcomes of experimental allergen challenge, while intradermal testing is less contributory.
Current allergy and asthma reports.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep.2014 May;14(5):430. doi: 10.1007/s11882-014-0430-z.
An accurate diagnosis of aeroallergen sensitization is pivotal to clinical practice and research. Given the recent technological advances in analyzing serum allergen-specific IgE, the question of which testing method, skin or serum testing, is superior in diagnosing allergic sensitization must be re
PMID 24633614

Polyplex-releasing microneedles for enhanced cutaneous delivery of DNA vaccine.

Kim NW1, Lee MS1, Kim KR2, Lee JE1, Lee K1, Park JS1, Matsumoto Y3, Jo DG1, Lee H2, Lee DS4, Jeong JH5.Author information 1School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.2The Graduate School of Nanoscience & Technology (WCU), Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.3Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai 2-6, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.4School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.5School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhjeong@skku.edu.AbstractMicroneedle (MN)-based DNA vaccines have many advantages over conventional vaccines administered by hypodermic needles. However, an efficient strategy for delivering DNA vaccines to intradermal cells has not yet been established. Here, we report a new approach for delivering polyplex-based DNA vaccines using MN arrays coated with a pH-responsive polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly (PMA). This approach enabled rapid release of polyplex upon application to the skin. In addition to the polyplex-releasing MNs, we attempted to further maximize the vaccination by developing a polymeric carrier that targeted resident antigen presenting cells (APCs) rich in the intradermal area, as well as a DNA vaccine encoding a secretable fusion protein containing amyloid beta monomer (Aβ1-42), an antigenic determinant. The resulting vaccination system was able to successfully induce a robust humoral immune response compared to conventional subcutaneous injection with hypodermal needles. In addition, antigen challenge after immunization elicited an immediate and strong recall immune response due to immunogenic memory. These results suggest the potential utility of MN-based polyplex delivery systems for enhanced DNA vaccination.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.J Control Release.2014 Apr 10;179:11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.016. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Microneedle (MN)-based DNA vaccines have many advantages over conventional vaccines administered by hypodermic needles. However, an efficient strategy for delivering DNA vaccines to intradermal cells has not yet been established. Here, we report a new approach for delivering polyplex-based DNA vacci
PMID 24462900

Japanese Journal

The Influence of Schizophyllum commune on Asthma Severity

Ogawa Haruhiko,Fujimura Masaki,Takeuchi Yasuo,Makimura Koichi
Lung 189(6), 485-492, 2011-12
… Methods: Ninety-two patients with asthma of various levels of severity [mild (n = 18), moderate (28), and severe (46)] and exacerbation severity [moderate (n = 43) and severe (6)] were retrospectively examined with regard to fungal sensitization such as specific IgE or intradermal skin reactions against S. …
NAID 120003534665

Changes in expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 subfamily enzymes during development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats

SANADA Hisakazu,SEKIMOTO Masashi,KAMOSHITA Ayaka,DEGAWA Masakuni
Journal of toxicological sciences 36(2), 181-190, 2011-04-01
… An animal model of rheumatoid arthritis can be elicited in male Lewis rats by a single intradermal injection of liquid paraffin containing dead Mycrobacterium tuberculosis (MT adjuvant) into the planar surface of the right hind-foot. …
NAID 10028101203

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「endodermic」「intracutaneous」「皮内」「intracutaneously」
拡張検索	「intradermally」「intradermal administration」「intradermal nevi」