腸
WordNet
- the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus (同)bowel, gut
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- 腸
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/01/08 17:11:25」(JST)
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"Guts" redirects here. For other uses, see Gut.
The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the gut, alimentary canal, or intestine, is a tube by which bilaterian animals (including humans) transfer food to the digestion organs.[1] In large bilaterians, the gastrointestinal tract generally also has an exit, the anus, by which the animal disposes of solid wastes. Some small bilaterians have no anus and dispose of solid wastes by other means (for example, through the mouth).[2]
Animals that have gastrointestinal tracts are classified as either protostomes or deuterostomes. The digestive tract evolved separately in these two clades, an example of convergent evolution. The clades are distinguished based on their embryonic development: protostomes develop their mouths first, while deuterostomes develop their mouths second. Protostomes include arthropods, molluscs, and annelids, while deuterostomes include echinoderms and chordates.
The gastrointestinal tract contains thousands of different bacteria, but humans can be divided into three main groups based on those most prominent.[3]
For more specific information on digestive organs, see specialized organs and behaviours.
Uses by humans
- The stomachs of calves have commonly been used as a source of rennet for making cheese.
- The use of animal gut strings by musicians can be traced back to the third dynasty of Egypt. In the recent past, strings were made out of lamb gut. With the advent of the modern era, musicians have tended to use strings made of silk, or synthetic materials such as nylon or steel. Some instrumentalists, however, still use gut strings in order to evoke the older tone quality. Although such strings were commonly referred to as "catgut" strings, cats were never used as a source for gut strings.[citation needed]
- Sheep gut was the original source for natural gut string used in racquets, such as for tennis. Today, synthetic strings are much more common, but the best gut strings are now made out of cow gut.
- Gut cord has also been used to produce strings for the snares that provide a snare drum's characteristic buzzing timbre. While the modern snare drum almost always uses metal wire rather than gut cord, the North African bendir frame drum still uses gut for this purpose.
- "Natural" sausage hulls, or casings, are made of animal gut, especially hog, beef, and lamb.
- The wrapping of kokoretsi, gardoubakia, and torcinello is made of lamb (or goat) gut.
- Haggis is traditionally boiled in, and served in, a sheep stomach.
- Chitterlings, a kind of food, consist of thoroughly washed pig's gut.
- Animal gut was used to make the cord lines in longcase clocks and for fusee movements in bracket clocks, but may be replaced by metal wire.
- The oldest known condoms, from 1640 AD, were made from animal intestine.[4]
See also
- Human gastrointestinal tract
References
- ^ Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Introduction to Eumetazoa". Invertebrate Zoology (7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 99–103. ISBN 0-03-025982-7.
- ^ Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Introduction to Bilateria". Invertebrate Zoology (7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 203–205. ISBN 0-03-025982-7.
- ^ Zimmer (2011). "Bacterial Ecosystems Divide People Into 3 Groups, Scientists Say". The New York Times. p. 17.
- ^ "World's oldest condom". Ananova. 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats.
- Gujja S, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Miller JE, Mechineni A, Kommuru DS, Shaik SA, Lambert BD, Cherry NM, Burke JM.SourceFort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA.
- Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2013 Jan 16;191(1-2):51-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.013. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
- Feeding sun-dried sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours.) G. Don.] reduces gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection in goats fed in confinement, but effects of this forage when fed as a supplement to goats on pasture are unclear. A study was completed in which supplemental feeds (75 a
- PMID 22985929
- PPARγ, an important gene related to lipid metabolism and immunity in Megalobrama amblycephala: Cloning, characterization and transcription analysis by GeNorm.
- Li S, Gul Y, Wang W, Qian X, Zhao Y.SourceCollege of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
- Gene.Gene.2013 Jan 10;512(2):321-30. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 13.
- In order to be able to modulate and improve the function of PPARγ and decrease further some metabolic diseases of M. amblycephala, we have cloned and identified the full-length cDNA of PPARγ in M. amblycephala and examined its transcription patterns at different embryo developmental stages and in
- PMID 23069845
Japanese Journal
- 高槻 成紀,久保薗 昌彦,南 正人
- 保全生態学研究 19(1), 87-93, 2014-05-30
- 北アメリカからの外来哺乳類であるアライグマは1960年代に日本で逸出し、1980年代以降各地に生息するようになった。アライグマは水生動物群集に影響を及ぼすといわれるが、食性情報は限定的である。原産地では、水生動物も採食するが、哺乳類、穀類、果実なども採食する広食性であることが知られている。横浜市で捕獲された113のアライグマの腸内容物を分析した結果、果実・種子が約半量から50〜75%を占めて最も重 …
- NAID 110009832032
- In vivo imaging reveals PKA regulation of ERK activity during neutrophil recruitment to inflamed intestines.
- Mizuno Rei,Kamioka Yuji,Kabashima Kenji,Imajo Masamichi,Sumiyama Kenta,Nakasho Eiji,Ito Takeshi,Hamazaki Yoko,Okuchi Yoshihisa,Sakai Yoshiharu,Kiyokawa Etsuko,Matsuda Michiyuki
- The Journal of experimental medicine, 2014-05-19
- 生きたマウスの白血球の中で分子活性を可視化することに世界で初めて成功 -非ステロイド性抗炎症薬は白血球を活性化する-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-05-26.Many chemical mediators regulate neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites. Although the actions of each chemical …
- NAID 120005439165
- D-11-8 臓器異常検出のためのMRI画像における腸壁の動き解析(D-11.画像工学,一般セッション)
- 山口 千佳,長保 龍,田邉 造,古川 顕,古川 利博
- 電子情報通信学会総合大会講演論文集 2014年_情報・システム(2), 8, 2014-03-04
- NAID 110009829988
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- bowel、entero、gut、intestinal