WordNet

arrange in phases or stages; "phase a withdrawal"
(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system" (同)form
a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle (同)phase_angle
any distinct time period in a sequence of events; "we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected" (同)stage
adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition; "he phased the intake with the output of the machine"
(astronomy) the particular appearance of a bodys state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earths moon that is illuminated by the sun); "the full phase of the moon"
being one more than one; "he received two messages" (同)2, ii
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number (同)2, II, deuce

PrepTutorEJDIC

(変化・発達の)『段階』,『局面』 / (物事の)『面』,様相《+『of』+『名』》 / (月・惑星などの)相 / …‘を'段階的に調整(整理)する
〈C〉(数の)『2』,2の記号 / 〈U〉2時,2分;2歳 / 《複数扱い》二人;2個 / 〈C〉二つ(二人,2個)1組のもの / 〈C〉(カードゲーム)2の札,(さいころの)2の目 / 2の;二人の;二つの,2個の / 《補語にのみ用いて》2歳の(で)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/29 00:16:56」(JST)

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1. Brugada syndrome: Epidemiology and pathogenesis
2. 不整脈のリエントリーおよび発現 reentry and the development of cardiac arrhythmias
3. QT短縮症候群 short qt syndrome
4. 早期再分極 early repolarization

English Journal

Stability of parenteral nanoemulsions loaded with paclitaxel: the influence of lipid phase composition, drug concentration and storage temperature.

Kadam AN1, Najlah M, Wan KW, Ahmed W, Crean SJ, Phoenix DA, Taylor KM, Elhissi AM.Author information 1Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , United Kingdom .AbstractPaclitaxel was loaded into licensed parenteral nutrition nanoemulsions (Clinoleic® and Intralipid®) using bath sonication, and the stability of the formulations was investigated following storage for two weeks at room temperature or at 4 °C. In general, Clinoleic droplets were smaller than Intralipid droplets, being around 255 and 285 nm, respectively, for blank and freshly loaded emulsions. Regardless of storage temperature, the Clinoleic exhibited a very slight or no increase in droplet size upon storage, whilst the droplet size of the Intralipid emulsion increased significantly. The droplet size of both emulsions was minimally affected by paclitaxel concentration within the range of 0, 1, 3 and 6 mg/ml. The pH of both emulsions markedly decreased upon storage at room temperature, which was possibly attributed to the production of fatty acids resulting from phospholipid hydrolysis. However, at 4 °C, the pH of Clinoleic emulsion was unaffected by storage or paclitaxel concentration while the Intralipid emulsion demonstrated a trend for pH reduction. Both nanoemulsions had a negative zeta potential, with the Clinoleic formulations having the highest charge, possibly explaining the better size stability of this emulsion. Overall, this study has shown that paclitaxel was successfully loaded into clinically licensed parenteral emulsions and that Clinoleic showed greater stability than the Intralipid.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):999-1004. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.840845. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
Paclitaxel was loaded into licensed parenteral nutrition nanoemulsions (Clinoleic® and Intralipid®) using bath sonication, and the stability of the formulations was investigated following storage for two weeks at room temperature or at 4 °C. In general, Clinoleic droplets were smaller than Intr
PMID 24093888

IN SITU SEPARATION OF ETHANOL WITH AQUEOUS TWO-PHASE SYSTEM AND ASSESSMENT OF KLa FOR YEAST GROWTH IN BATCH CULTIVATION.

Hemavathy RV1, Sankaran K, Vadanasundari V, Rangabhashiyam S.Author information 1a Department of Biotechnology , P. R. Engineering College , Thanjavur , Tamil Nadu , India.AbstractIn the fermentation process, the separation of product and its purification is the most difficult and exigent task in the ground of biochemical engineering. Another major problem that is encountered in the fermentation is product inhibition, which leads to low conversion and low productivities. Extractive fermentation is a technique that helps in the in situ removal of product and better performance of the fermentation. An aqueous two-phase system was employed for in situ ethanol separation since the technique was biofriendly to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the ethanol produced. The two-phase system was obtained with polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and ammonium sulfate in water above critical concentrations, with the desire that the ethanol moves to the top phase while cells rest at the bottom. The overall mass transfer coefficient (KLa) was also estimated for the yeast growth at different rpm. The concentration and yield of ethanol were determined for conventional fermentation to be around 81.3% and for extractive fermentation around 87.5% at the end of the fermentation. Based on observation of both processes, extractive fermentation was found to be the best.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.Prep Biochem Biotechnol.2014 Aug 18;44(6):633-44. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2013.844709.
In the fermentation process, the separation of product and its purification is the most difficult and exigent task in the ground of biochemical engineering. Another major problem that is encountered in the fermentation is product inhibition, which leads to low conversion and low productivities. Extr
PMID 24499367

Novel lectin-modified poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) mucoadhesive nanoparticles of carvedilol: preparation and in vitro optimization using a two-level factorial design.

Varshosaz J1, Moazen E.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran and.AbstractCarvedilol used in cardiovascular diseases has systemic bioavailability of 25-35%. The objective of this study was production of lectin-modified poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) as mucoadhesive nanoparticles to enhance low oral bioavailability of carvedilol. Nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsification-solvent evaporation method using a two-level factorial design. The studied variables included the vinyl acetate content of the polymer, drug and polymer content. Surface modification of PEVA nanoparticles with lectin was carried out by the adsorption method and coupling efficiency was determined using the Bradford assay. Mucoadhesion of nanoparticles was studied on mucin. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading and drug release from nanoparticles were studied. The morphology of nanoparticles and crystalline status of the entrapped drug were studied by SEM, DSC and XRD tests, respectively. Results showed the most effective factor on particle size and zeta potential was the interaction of polymer and drug content while, drug loading efficiency and mucoadhesion were more affected by the interaction of polymer type and drug content. Drug concentration was the most effective variable on the drug release rate. The drug was in amorphous state in nanoparticles. The optimum nanoparticles obtained by 45 mg of copolymer contained 12% vinyl acetate/4.3 ml of organic phase and drug concentration of 37.5 wt% of polymer.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Aug;19(5):605-17. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.819011. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
Carvedilol used in cardiovascular diseases has systemic bioavailability of 25-35%. The objective of this study was production of lectin-modified poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) as mucoadhesive nanoparticles to enhance low oral bioavailability of carvedilol. Nanoparticles were prepared by the
PMID 23937559

Japanese Journal

Toward Automated Cache Partitioning for the K Computer

Swann Perarnau,Mitsuhisa Sato
情報処理学会研究報告. [ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング] 2012-HPC-136(14), 1-7, 2012-09-26
… This facility enables software to split the memory cache in two independent sectors and to select which one will receive a line when it is retrieved from memory. … For example, while most studies overlooked the issue of phase changes in an application because of the prohibitive cost of a repartitioning, the sector cache provides this feature without any costs, allowing multiple cache distribution strategies to alternate during an execution, providing the best allocation of the current locality pattern. …
NAID 110009453380