systemic mycosis

全身性真菌症

WordNet

1. (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
2. instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
3. a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
4. a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
5. a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
6. a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
7. the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
8. affecting an entire system; "a systemic poison"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身
2. (身体・言語のように)体系の,組織の / 全身の,全身的

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/20 21:04:49」(JST)

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"Mycoses" redirects here. For the journal, see Mycoses (journal).

Mycosis
Classification and external resources
Micrograph showing a mycosis (aspergillosis). The Aspergillus (which is spaghetti-like) is seen in the center and surrounded by inflammatory cells and necrotic debris. H&E stain.
ICD-10	B35-B49
ICD-9	110-118.99
DiseasesDB	28821
MeSH	D009181

Mycosis (plural: mycoses) is a fungal infection of animals, including humans. Mycoses are common and a variety of environmental and physiological conditions can contribute to the development of fungal diseases. Inhalation of fungal spores or localized colonization of the skin may initiate persistent infections; therefore, mycoses often start in the lungs or on the skin.

Fungal infections of the skin was the 4th most common disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

Causes

People are at risk of fungal infections when they are taking strong antibiotics for a long period of time because antibiotics kill not only damaging bacteria, but healthy bacteria as well. This alters the balance of microorganisms in the mouth, vagina, intestines and other places in the body, and results in an overgrowth of fungus.

Individuals with weakened immune systems are also at risk of developing fungal infections. This is the case of people with HIV/AIDS, people under steroid treatments, and people taking chemotherapy. People with diabetes also tend to develop fungal infections. Very young and very old people, also, are groups at risk.

Classification

Mycoses are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.

Superficial mycoses

Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.

An example of such a fungal infection is Tinea versicolor, a fungus infection that commonly affects the skin of young people, especially the chest, back, and upper arms and legs. Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungus that lives in the skin of some adults. It does not usually affect the face. This fungus produces spots that are either lighter than the skin or a reddish-brown. This fungus exists in two forms, one of them causing visible spots. Factors that can cause the fungus to become more visible include high humidity, as well as immune or hormone abnormalities. However, almost all people with this very common condition are healthy.

Cutaneous mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses extend deeper into the epidermis, and also include invasive hair and nail diseases. These diseases are restricted to the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. Unlike the superficial mycoses, host immune responses may be evoked resulting in pathologic changes expressed in the deeper layers of the skin. The organisms that cause these diseases are called dermatophytes. The resulting diseases are often called ringworm (even though there is no worm involved) or tinea. Cutaneous mycoses are caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton fungi, which together comprise 41 species.

One common disease is the athlete's foot which most commonly affects children before puberty. It is divided in three categories: chronic interdigital athlete's foot, chronic scaly athlete's foot, and acute vesicular athlete's foot.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia. These infections are chronic and can be initiated by piercing trauma to the skin which allows the fungi to enter. These infections are difficult to treat and may require surgical interventions such as debridement.

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens originate primarily in the lungs and may spread to many organ systems. Organisms that cause systemic mycoses are inherently virulent. In general primary pathogens that cause systemic mycoses are dimorphic.

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens are infections of patients with immune deficiencies who would otherwise not be infected. Examples of immunocompromised conditions include AIDS, alteration of normal flora by antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy, and metastatic cancer. Examples of opportunistic mycoses include Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis and Aspergillosis.

Prevention

Keeping the skin clean and dry, as well as maintaining good hygiene, will help larger topical mycoses. Because fungal infections are contagious, it is important to wash after touching other people or animals. Sports clothing should also be washed after use.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs are used to treat mycoses. Depending on the nature of the infection, a topical or systemic agent may be used.

An example of antifungal is fluconazole, or Diflucan, which is the basis of many over-the-counter antifungal treatments. Another example is amphotericin B (the A form being toxic) which is more potent. It is used in the treatment of the most severe fungal infections that show resistance to other forms of treatment and it is administered intravenously.

Drugs to treat skin infections are Tolnaftate (Tinactin), an over the counter topical; Ketoconazole, especially used to treat tinea versicolor and other dermatophytes; Itraconazole; Terbinafine (Lamisil); Echinocandins (caspofungin); Griseofulvin, commonly used for infections involving the scalp and nails.

Yeast infections in the vagina, caused by Candida albicans, can be treated with medicated suppositories such as tioconazole and pessaries whereas skin yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments.

Epidemiology

Fungal infections of the skin with the 4th most common disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

See also

• Pathogenic fungi
• Fungal infection in plants#Fungi

References

External links

• Guide to Fungal Infections - Patient-oriented, educational website written by dermatologists.
• Doctor Fungus - An educational website sponsored through unrestricted educational grants by numerous pharmaceutical companies

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Panobinostat activity in both bexarotene-exposed and -naïve patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Results of a phase II trial.

• Duvic M, Dummer R, Becker JC, Poulalhon N, Ortiz Romero P, Grazia Bernengo M, Lebbé C, Assaf C, Squier M, Williams D, Marshood M, Tai F, Prince HM.SourceMD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: mduvic@mdanderson.org.
• European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990).Eur J Cancer.2013 Jan;49(2):386-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.08.017. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
• BACKGROUND: Panobinostat is a potent, oral pan-deacetylase inhibitor (pan-DACi) that increases the acetylation of proteins involved in multiple oncogenic pathways. Here, panobinostat is studied in bexarotene-exposed and -naïve patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).PATIENTS AND M
• PMID 22981498

• Follicular center helper T-cell (TFH) marker positive mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome.

• Meyerson HJ, Awadallah A, Pavlidakey P, Cooper K, Honda K, Miedler J.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc.Mod Pathol.2013 Jan;26(1):32-43. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.124. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
• We identified 11 patients with CD10(+) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by flow cytometry. All cases were CD4(+) and CD8(-). Three patients had extensive lymphadenopathy, systemic symptoms and an aggressive clinical course consistent with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma or peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Ho
• PMID 22918164

• Evaluation of novel nystatin nanoemulsion for skin candidosis infections.

• Fernández-Campos F, Clares Naveros B, López Serrano O, Alonso Merino C, Calpena Campmany AC.SourceBiopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia Institute, (IQAC - CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
• Mycoses.Mycoses.2013 Jan;56(1):70-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02202.x. Epub 2012 May 10.
• One of the most common fungal skin infections is candidosis. Topical application of drugs at the pathological sites offers potential advantage of direct drug delivery to the site of action. The main aim of this work was to evaluate an optimal nystatin nanoemulsion for topical application avoiding un
• PMID 22574899

Japanese Journal

• 潰瘍病変に対してベキサロテン投与が有効であった菌状息肉症の1例

• Ｓｋｉｎ　Ｃａｎｃｅｒ 32(2), 192-196, 2017
• NAID 130006188909

• 自己免疫性小脳失調症の可能性が示唆されたHIV感染症の1例

• 臨床神経学 56(4), 255-259, 2016
• NAID 130005149741

• 自己免疫性小脳失調症の可能性が示唆されたHIV感染症の1例

• 臨床神経学 advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005139516

Related Links

• Systemic mycosis | definition of systemic mycosis by ...

systemic mycosis Etymology: Gks, systema + mykes, fungus, osis, condition a fungal infection that involves more than one body system or area. SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS: Cryptococcosis of lung; arrows indicate fungus ...

• Systemic Mycoses. Learn about Systemic Mycoses. | Patient

Systemic Mycoses are systemic fungal infections - either endemic or opportunistic, generally only infecting those who are immunocompromised. Skip to content Patient - Trusted medical information and support Skip to content ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「真菌症」「全身性真菌症」
関連記事	「systemic」「system」「mycosis」

「真菌症」

　　[★]

英

mycosis, mycotic disease

同

真菌感染症 fungal infection、真菌感染

関

真菌、抗真菌薬

• 表在真菌症
• 皮下真菌症 深部皮膚真菌症

• スポロトリコーシス sporotrichosis

• Sporothrix schenckii　

• クロモミコーシス chromomycosis 黒色真菌症

• Cladosporium carrionii
• Fonsecaea compacta
• Fonsecaea pedrosoi 日本では起因菌の70%以上を占める(SMB.351)
• Phialophora verrucosa
• Rhinosladiella aquaspersa

• 足菌腫 mycetoma マズラ菌症 maduromycosis

• 深在性真菌症 deep mycosis 全身性真菌症 systemic mycosis

• 地域流行型真菌症 endemic mycosis
• コクシジオイデス症 coccidioidomycosis

• Coccidioides immitis

• ヒストプラスマ症 histoplasmosis

• Histoplasma capsulatum

• ブラストミセス症 blastomycosis

• Blastomyces dematitidis

• 日和見真菌症 opportunistic fungal infection
• カンジダ症 candidiasis
• クリプトコッカス症 cryptococcosis
• アスペルギルス症 aspergillosis

• Rhizopus oryae

代表的な真菌症 CBT QB vol2 p.193

	白癬	スポロトリコーシス	皮膚カンジダ症	癜風
原因菌	皮膚糸状菌	Sporothrix schenckii	Candida albicans	Malassezia furfur
症状	頭部、顔面、体部、股部、足の白癬	皮下結節→潰瘍化	指趾間びらん、爪周囲炎、粘膜カンジダ	胸・背部に黒・白色斑
検査	KOH法	スポロトリキン反応、PAS染色法	KOH法	KOH法、Wood灯検査
治療	抗真菌薬外用、抗真菌薬内服	ヨードカリ内服、温熱療法、抗真菌薬内服	イミダゾール系抗真菌薬外用	抗真菌薬外用

「全身性真菌症」

　　[★]

英

systemic mycosis

関

真菌症

• first aid step1 2006 p.146

coccidioidomycosis	Southwestern United States, California.
histoplasmosis	Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.
paracoccidioidomycosis	Rural Latin America.
blastomycosis	States east of Mississippi River and Central America.

「systemic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 全身性の、全身的な、全身の、(植物)浸透移行性の

関

general、generalized、systemically、total body、whole body、whole-body

　 　

「system」

　　[★]

• n.

• 系、システム、体系、体制、方式

関

method、series、strain

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「mycosis」

　　[★]

日

関

関

Antifungal agent(s); Fungal infection(s)