mycosis

日

関

関

Antifungal agent(s); Fungal infection(s)

WordNet

1. an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules (同)coccidiomycosis, valley_fever, desert_rheumatism
2. any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/29 02:50:06」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Mycoses" redirects here. For the journal, see Mycoses (journal).

Mycosis
Micrograph showing a mycosis (aspergillosis). The Aspergillus (which is spaghetti-like) is seen in the center and surrounded by inflammatory cells and necrotic debris. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	infectious disease
ICD-10	B35-B49
ICD-9-CM	110-118.99
DiseasesDB	28821
MeSH	D009181

Mycosis (plural: mycoses) is a fungal infection of animals, including humans. Mycoses are common and a variety of environmental and physiological conditions can contribute to the development of fungal diseases. Inhalation of fungal spores or localized colonization of the skin may initiate persistent infections; therefore, mycoses often start in the lungs or on the skin.

Fungal infections of the skin was the 4th most common disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

Causes

Individuals being treated with antibiotics are at higher risk of fungal infections.

Individuals with weakened immune systems are also at risk of developing fungal infections. This is the case of people with HIV/AIDS, people under steroid treatments, and people taking chemotherapy. People with diabetes also tend to develop fungal infections. Very young and very old people, also, are groups at risk. Although all are at risk of developing fungal infections, the likelihood is higher in these groups.

Classification

Mycoses are classified according to the tissue levels initially colonized.

Superficial mycoses

Superficial mycoses are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair.

An example of such a fungal infection is Tinea versicolor, a fungus infection that commonly affects the skin of young people, especially the chest, back, and upper arms and legs. Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungus that lives in the skin of some adults. It does not usually affect the face. This fungus produces spots that are either lighter than the skin or a reddish brown. This fungus exists in two forms, one of them causing visible spots. Factors that can cause the fungus to become more visible include high humidity, as well as immune or hormone abnormalities. However, almost all people with this very common condition are healthy.

Cutaneous mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses extend deeper into the epidermis, and also include invasive hair and nail diseases. These diseases are restricted to the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. Unlike the superficial mycoses, host immune responses may be evoked resulting in pathologic changes expressed in the deeper layers of the skin. The organisms that cause these diseases are called dermatophytes. The resulting diseases are often called ringworm (even though there is no worm involved) or tinea. Cutaneous mycoses are caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton fungi, which together comprise 41 species.

One common disease is the athlete's foot which most commonly affects children before puberty. It is divided in three categories: chronic interdigital athlete's foot, chronic scaly athlete's foot, and acute vesicular athlete's foot.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia. These infections are chronic and can be initiated by piercing trauma to the skin which allows the fungi to enter. These infections are difficult to treat and may require surgical interventions such as debridement.

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to primary pathogens originate primarily in the lungs and may spread to many organ systems. Organisms that cause systemic mycoses are inherently virulent. In general primary pathogens that cause systemic mycoses are dimorphic.

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens

Systemic mycoses due to opportunistic pathogens are infections of patients with immune deficiencies who would otherwise not be infected. Examples of immunocompromised conditions include AIDS, alteration of normal flora by antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy, and metastatic cancer. Examples of opportunistic mycoses include Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis and Aspergillosis.

Prevention

Keeping the skin clean and dry, as well as maintaining good hygiene, will help larger topical mycoses. Because fungal infections are contagious, it is important to wash after touching other people or animals. Sports clothing should also be washed after use.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs are used to treat mycoses. Depending on the nature of the infection, a topical or systemic agent may be used.

Example of antifungals include: fluconazole which is the basis of many over-the-counter antifungal treatments. Another example is amphotericin B which is more potent and used in the treatment of the most severe fungal infections that show resistance to other forms of treatment and it is administered intravenously.

Drugs to treat skin infections are the azoles: ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine among others.

Yeast infections in the vagina, caused by Candida albicans, can be treated with medicated suppositories such as tioconazole and pessaries whereas skin yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments.

Epidemiology

Fungal infections of the skin were the 4th most common skin disease in 2010 affecting 984 million people.

See also

• Pathogenic fungi
• Fungal infection in plants § Fungi
• Zygomycosis

External links

• Guide to Fungal Infections - Patient-oriented, educational website written by dermatologists.
• Doctor Fungus - An educational website sponsored through unrestricted educational grants by numerous pharmaceutical companies

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 菌状息肉腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of mycosis fungoides
• 2. 早期（ステージIA～IIA）の菌状息肉症の治療 treatment of early stage ia to iia mycosis fungoides
• 3. 白斑を除く後天性色素脱失症 acquired hypopigmentation disorders other than vitiligo
• 4. 進行期（ステージIIB～IV）の菌状息肉症の治療 treatment of advanced stage iib to iv mycosis fungoides
• 5. 菌状息肉症のバリアント variants of mycosis fungoides

English Journal

• Sporotrichosis.

• Vásquez-Del-Mercado E, Arenas R, Padilla-Desgarenes C.SourceMycology Section, Department of Dermatology, "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez" General Hospital, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Colonia Sección XVI, Mexico, DF, 14080, Mexico.
• Clinics in dermatology.Clin Dermatol.2012 Jul;30(4):437-43.
• Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis. It is usually acquired by traumatic inoculation, and it is caused by one of the species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. More than 6 species, such as S schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix mexican
• PMID 22682194

• Lobomycosis.

• Talhari S, Talhari C.SourceFaculty of Medicine, Nilton Liins University, Av. Professor Nilton Lins, 3259. Parque das Laranjeiras, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
• Clinics in dermatology.Clin Dermatol.2012 Jul;30(4):420-4.
• Lobomycosis is a rare chronic fungal infection of the subcutaneous tissue found in South America, mainly in Brazil. It is caused by Lacazia loboi. Its clinical manifestations are dermal nodules, either lenticular or in plaques, and keloidlike lesions that can resemble nodular leprosy or leishmaniasi
• PMID 22682191

Japanese Journal

• 菌状息肉症治療中に発症した原発性肺癌

• 胸部外科 = The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery 69(12), 987-990, 2016-11
• NAID 40020991722

• 好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症[旧Churg-Strauss症候群]とアレルギー性気管支肺真菌症(ABPM) (特集 気管支喘息 : 最新の診断と治療) -- (合併症・併存症を有する気管支喘息)

• 日本臨床 74(10), 1721-1728, 2016-10
• NAID 40020964535

• 呼吸器系真菌感染症の画像所見の特徴

• 呼吸器内科 = Respiratory medicine 30(3), 249-255, 2016-09
• NAID 40020961609

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「真菌症」「mycoses」「fungal infection」
拡張検索	「pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis」「zygomycosis」

「真菌症」

　　[★]

英

mycosis, mycotic disease

同

真菌感染症 fungal infection、真菌感染

関

真菌、抗真菌薬

• 表在真菌症
• 皮下真菌症 深部皮膚真菌症

• スポロトリコーシス sporotrichosis

• Sporothrix schenckii　

• クロモミコーシス chromomycosis 黒色真菌症

• Cladosporium carrionii
• Fonsecaea compacta
• Fonsecaea pedrosoi 日本では起因菌の70%以上を占める(SMB.351)
• Phialophora verrucosa
• Rhinosladiella aquaspersa

• 足菌腫 mycetoma マズラ菌症 maduromycosis

• 深在性真菌症 deep mycosis 全身性真菌症 systemic mycosis

• 地域流行型真菌症 endemic mycosis
• コクシジオイデス症 coccidioidomycosis

• Coccidioides immitis

• ヒストプラスマ症 histoplasmosis

• Histoplasma capsulatum

• ブラストミセス症 blastomycosis

• Blastomyces dematitidis

• 日和見真菌症 opportunistic fungal infection
• カンジダ症 candidiasis
• クリプトコッカス症 cryptococcosis
• アスペルギルス症 aspergillosis

• Rhizopus oryae

代表的な真菌症 CBT QB vol2 p.193

	白癬	スポロトリコーシス	皮膚カンジダ症	癜風
原因菌	皮膚糸状菌	Sporothrix schenckii	Candida albicans	Malassezia furfur
症状	頭部、顔面、体部、股部、足の白癬	皮下結節→潰瘍化	指趾間びらん、爪周囲炎、粘膜カンジダ	胸・背部に黒・白色斑
検査	KOH法	スポロトリキン反応、PAS染色法	KOH法	KOH法、Wood灯検査
治療	抗真菌薬外用、抗真菌薬内服	ヨードカリ内服、温熱療法、抗真菌薬内服	イミダゾール系抗真菌薬外用	抗真菌薬外用

「mycoses」

　　[★]

真菌症

関

fungal infection、mycosis

「fungal infection」

　　[★]

関

specific infections

同

mycosis

「pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis」

　　[★] 肺パラコクシジオイデス症

「zygomycosis」

　　[★] ムコール症。接合菌症