関: somatic mesodermal

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the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue (同)mesoblast

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/19 13:43:36」(JST)

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Lateral plate mesoderm

Transverse section of a chick embryo of forty-five hours’ incubation. Chordamesoderm: yellow, at notochord. Paraxial mesoderm: red, at somite. Intermediate mesoderm: purple, near Wolffian duct. Lateral plate mesoderm: purple, near "Somatic mesoderm" and "Splanchic mesoderm".

Model of human embryo 1.3 mm. long.. (Splanchic mesoderm labeled at left, somatic mesoderm at top right.)
Latin	mesoderma laminae lateralis
Gray's	subject #6 50
Carnegie stage	9
Precursor	mesoderm
Gives rise to	somatopleure, splanchnopleure
Code	TE E5.0.3.0.0.0.2

Lateral plate mesoderm is a type of mesoderm that is found at the periphery of the embryo.

Division into layers

It will split into two layers, the somatic layer/mesoderm and the splanchnic layer/mesoderm

The somatopleuric layer forms the future body wall.
The splanchnopleuric layer forms the circulatory system and future gut wall.

Spaces within the lateral plate are enclosed and forms the intraembryonic coelom.

It is formed by the secretion of BMP-4 by the ectoderm.^[1]

Serosal mesoderms

Lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to the serosal mesoderms.^[2]

forms a ventral layer associated with endoderm, the splanchnopleuric mesoderm. This forms the viscera and heart
forms a dorsal layer associated with ectoderm, the somatopleuric mesoderm. This forms the body wall lining and dermis.
Abdominal portion becomes contained in dorsal mesentery, part of the serosal mesoderm.
When the two layers form, a cardiogenic plate is visible. Later, this will form the myocardial primordium, which will contribute to the tubular heart.

Cavities

In the 4th week the coelom divides into pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities.^[2]

First partition: is the septum transversum.

This will be translocated later into the diaphragm and ventral mesentery.
Divides the coelom into primitive pericardial and peritoneal cavities

Pleuropericardial folds appear on the lateral wall of primitive pericardial cavity, which will eventually cause a partition to form the pericardial and pleural cavities.
Communication between these partitions formed by the pericardioperitoneal canals. However, pleuroperitoneal membranes will grow to fuse with the septum transversum to close off these canals.

At day 22, lung buds form, remaining ensheathed in a splachnopleuric mesoderm

Limb Development

Cells from the lateral plate mesoderm and the myotome migrate to the limb field and proliferate to create the limb bud. The lateral plate cells produce the cartilaginous and skeletal portions of the limb while the myotome cells produce the muscle components. The lateral plate mesodermal cells secrete a fibroblast growth factor (FGF7 and FGF10, presumably) to induce the overlying ectoderm to form an important organizing structure called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER).The AER reciprocatively secretes FGF8 and FGF4 which maintains the FGF10 signal and induces proliferation in the mesoderm.^{[citation needed]} The position of FGF10 expression is regulated by Wnt8c in the hindlimb and Wnt2b in the forelimb. The forelimb and the hindlimb are specified by their position along the anterior/posterior axis and possibly by two T-box containing transcription factors: Tbx5 and Tbx4, respectively.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_development for more information

External links

Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) hdisqueembry/triderm08

References

^ Tonegawa A, Funayama N, Ueno N, Takahashi Y (1997). "Mesodermal subdivision along the mediolateral axis in chicken controlled by different concentrations of BMP-4". Development 124 (10): 1975–84. PMID 9169844.
^ ^a ^b Larsen, William J. (1998). Essentials of human embryology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07514-X.

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

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English Journal

The Drosophila CPEB Protein Orb2 Has a Novel Expression Pattern and is Important for Asymmetric Cell Division and Nervous System Function.

Hafer N, Xu S, Bhat KM, Schedl P.SourcePrinceton University;
Genetics.Genetics.2011 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]
CPEB proteins bind mRNAs to regulate their localization and translation. While the first CPEBs discovered were germline specific, subsequent studies indicate that CPEBs also function in many somatic tissues including the nervous system. Drosophila has two CPEB family members. One of these, orb, play
PMID 21900268

Development and evolution of the lateral plate mesoderm: Comparative analysis of amphioxus and lamprey with implications for the acquisition of paired fins.

Onimaru K, Shoguchi E, Kuratani S, Tanaka M.SourceGraduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2011 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Possession of paired appendages is regarded as a novelty that defines crown gnathostomes and allows sophisticated behavioral and locomotive patterns. During embryonic development, initiation of limb buds in the lateral plate mesoderm involves several steps. First, the lateral plate mesoderm is regio
PMID 21864524

Japanese Journal

Sox2 expression effects on direct reprogramming efficiency as determined by alternative somatic cell fate.

Yamaguchi Shinpei,Hirano Kunio,Nagata Shogo,Tada Takashi
Stem cell research 6(2), 177-186, 2011-03
… Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by directly reprogramming somatic cells by forcing them to express the exogenous transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM). … LS expression was linked with the reduced expression of ectoderm and mesoderm marker genes. … This indicates that cell differentiation into the ectoderm and mesoderm lineages was impeded during reprogramming. …
NAID 120002949769

Some Embryological Aspects of Cholinergic Innervation in the Cardiovascular System — A Close Association With the Subintestinal Circulatory Channel

Shigei Tatsuro,Tsuru Hiromichi,Ishikawa Naohisa,Yoshioka Koichi
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences advpub(0), 1003290373, 2010
… Our studies on pharmacological responsiveness of dog veins also revealed that they could be divided into two groups: the visceral and somatic parts, and the cholinergic excitatory innervation localized to the visceral part. … The embryonic circulatory system of vertebrates can be divided into two parts: somatic and visceral. … The muscle of these vessels and the heart are derived from visceral mesoderm, either the coelomic epithelium or mesenchymal cells, in common with muscle of the digestive tube; …
NAID 130000253378