WordNet

any physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classification (同)autocoid
relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities"
public transport consisting of a bus or train that stops at all stations or stops; "the local seemed to take forever to get to New York"
affecting only a restricted part or area of the body; "local anesthesia"
of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; "local customs"; "local schools"; "the local citizens"; "a local point of view"; "local outbreaks of flu"; "a local bus line"
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion

PrepTutorEJDIC

『一地方の』,ある土地の,(特に)自分の住んでいる土地の;地方に特有な / (全体からみて)『部分的な』,局部の,狭い部分の / 《米》各駅停車の / 《話》《しばしば複数形で》その土地に住んでいる人々 / 《米話》(新聞の)地方記事 / 《話》(各駅停車の)列車,電車,バス / 《米》(労働組合などの)支部
低カロリーの
ホルモン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/19 06:57:03」(JST)

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Local hormones, by one definition, are biologically active polypeptides that are secreted by nerve cells and gland cells and act in a paracrine fashion but also enter the circulation. By another definition, local hormones are any hormones acting in a paracrine, autocrine, and/or intracrine manner.

Classification

According to structural and functional similarity, many local hormones fall into either the gastrin or the secretin family.

Gastrin family

Gastrin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Secretin family

Secretin
Glucagon
Glicentin (GLI)
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)

Others

Motilin
Neurotensin
Substance P
Somatostatin
Bombesin
Serotonin

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1. 甲状腺ホルモンに対する感受性の傷害 impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone
2. 甲状腺ホルモンの作用 thyroid hormone action
3. 乳癌におけるホルモン受容体：臨床的有用性および検査精度向上のためのガイドラインの推奨 hormone receptors in breast cancer clinical utility and guideline recommendations to improve test accuracy
4. 転移性の胃腸膵管系神経内分泌腫瘍：腫瘍増殖およびホルモン過剰分泌による症状を管理するための局所治療の選択肢 metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors local options to control tumor growth and symptoms of hormone hypersecretion
5. 甲状腺ホルモンの合成および生理 thyroid hormone synthesis and physiology

English Journal

Characterization and expression analysis of WOX5 genes from wheat and its relatives.

Zhao S1, Jiang QT1, Ma J1, Zhang XW1, Zhao QZ1, Wang XY1, Wang CS1, Cao X1, Lu ZX2, Zheng YL3, Wei YM4.Author information 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.2Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge T1J 4B1, Canada.3Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.4Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: ymwei@sicau.edu.cn.AbstractThe WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays an important role in coordinating gene transcription in the early phases of embryogenesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized WOX5 from common wheat and its relatives Triticum monococcum, Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops sharonensis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops tauschii, and Triticum turgidum. The size of the characterized WOX5 alleles ranged from 1029 to 1038bp and encompassed the complete open reading frame (ORF) as well as 5' upstream and 3' downstream sequences. Domain prediction analysis showed that the putative primary structures of wheat WOX5 protein include the highly conserved homeodomain besides the WUS-box domain and the EAR-like domain, which is/are present in some members of the WOX protein family. The full-length ORF was subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET30a, and an approximate 26-kDa protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells with IPTG induction. The WOX5 genes from wheat-related species exhibit a similar structure to and high sequence similarity with WOX5 genes from common wheat. The degree of divergence and phylogenetic tree analysis among WOX5 alleles suggested the existence of three homoeologous copies in the A, B, or D genome of common wheat. Quantitative PCR results showed that TaWOX5 was primarily expressed in the root and calli induced by auxin and cytokinin, indicating that TaWOX5 may play a role related to root formation or development and is associated with hormone regulation in somatic embryogenesis.
Gene.Gene.2014 Mar 1;537(1):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.022. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
The WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays an important role in coordinating gene transcription in the early phases of embryogenesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized WOX5 from common wheat and its relatives Triticum monococcum, Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Aegil
PMID 24368329

Molecular characterization, tissue distribution and feeding related changes of NUCB2A/nesfatin-1 in Ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti).

Lin F1, Zhou C1, Chen H1, Wu H1, Xin Z1, Liu J1, Gao Y1, Yuan D1, Wang T1, Wei R1, Chen D1, Yang S1, Wang Y1, Pu Y1, Li Z2.Author information 1Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China.2Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Ya'an, China. Electronic address: lizhiqiong454@163.com.AbstractThe protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) was identified over a decade ago and recently raised great interest as its derived peptide nesfatin-1 was shown to reduce food intake and body weight in rodents. However, the involvement of NUCB2 in feeding behavior has not well been studied in fish. In the present study, we characterized the structure, distribution, and meal responsive of NUCB2A/nesfatin-1 in Ya-fish (Schizothorax prenanti) for the first time. The full length cDNA of Ya-fish was 2140base pair (bp), which encoded a polypeptide of 487 amino acid residues including a 23 amino acid signal peptide. A high conservation in NUCB2 sequences was found in vertebrates, however the proposed propeptide cleavage site (Arg-Arg) conserved among other species is not present in Ya-fish NUCB2A sequence. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that Ya-fish NUCB2A mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all test tissues, and abundant expression was detected in several regions including the hypothalamus, hepatopancreas, ovary and intestines. NUCB2A mRNA expression respond to feeding status change may vary and be tissue specific. NUCB2A mRNA levels significantly increased (P<0.05) in the hypothalamus and intestines after feeding and substantially decreased (P<0.01) during a week food deprivation in the hypothalamus. Meanwhile, NUCB2A mRNA in the hepatopancreas was significantly elevated (P<0.001) during food deprivation, and a similar increase was also found after short-time fasting. This points toward a potential hepatopancreas specific local role for NUCB2A in the regulation of metabolism during food deprivation. Collectively, these results provide the molecular and functional evidence to support potential anorectic and metabolic roles for NUCB2A in Ya-fish.
Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 25;536(2):238-46. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.031. Epub 2013 Dec 21.
The protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) was identified over a decade ago and recently raised great interest as its derived peptide nesfatin-1 was shown to reduce food intake and body weight in rodents. However, the involvement of NUCB2 in feeding behavior has not well been studied in fish. In the present
PMID 24365590

Expression and genomic imprinting of the porcine Rasgrf1 gene.

Ding YY1, Liu LY2, Zhou J3, Zhang XD1, Huang L1, Zhang SJ2, Yin ZJ4.Author information 1Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui 230036, PR China.2Department of Veterinary, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui 230036, PR China.3Department of Veterinary, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui 230036, PR China. Electronic address: zhoujie@ahau.edu.cn.4Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui 230036, PR China. Electronic address: yinzongjun@ahau.edu.cn.AbstractImprinted genes play important roles in mammalian growth, development and behavior. The Rasgrf1 (Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) gene has been identified as an imprinted gene in mouse and rat. In the present study, we detected its sequence, imprinting status and expression pattern in the domestic pigs. A 228bp partial sequence located in exon 14 and a 193bp partial sequence located in exon 1 of the Rasgrf1 gene in domestic pigs were obtained. A G/A transition, was identified in Rasgrf1 exon 14, and then, the reciprocal Berkshire×Wannan black F1 hybrid model and the RT-PCR-RFLP method were used to detect the imprinting status of porcine Rasgrf1 gene at the developmental stage of 1-day-old. The expression profile results indicated that the porcine Rasgrf1 mRNA was highly expressed in brain, pituitary and pancreas, followed by kidney, stomach, lung, testis, small intestine, ovary, spleen and liver, and at low levels of expression in longissimus dorsi, heart, and backfat. The expression levels of Rasgrf1 gene in brain, pituitary and pancreas tissues were significantly different between the two reciprocal F1 hybrids. Imprinting analysis showed that porcine Rasgrf1 gene was maternally expressed in the liver, small intestine, paternally expressed in the lung, but biallelically expressed in brain, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach, pancreas, backfat, testis, ovary, longissimus dorsi and pituitary tissues.
Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 25;536(2):357-61. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.069. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
Imprinted genes play important roles in mammalian growth, development and behavior. The Rasgrf1 (Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) gene has been identified as an imprinted gene in mouse and rat. In the present study, we detected its sequence, imprinting status and expression
PMID 24342659

Japanese Journal

Immunolocalization of murine type VI 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the adrenal gland, testis, skin, and placenta.

Yamamura Koki,Doi Masao,Hayashi Hida,Ota Takumi,Murai Iori,Hotta Yunhong,Komatsu Rie,Okamura Hitoshi
Molecular and cellular endocrinology 382(1), 131-138, 2013-09-25
… However, potential contributions of this enzyme to the steroid hormone synthesis outside the adrenal glands are poorly understood. … Moreover, in the placenta, Hsd3b6 was specifically found in the giant trophoblast cells surrounding the embryonic cavity, which suggests a role for this enzyme in local progesterone production that is required for proper embryonic implantation and/or maintenance of pregnancy. …
NAID 120005347108

パクリタキセル・カルボプラチン抵抗性前立腺癌に対してドセタキセル・プレドニンが著効した1例

楠川直也,石田泰一,棚瀬和弥 [他],伊藤秀明,青木芳隆,大山伸幸,秋野裕信,横山修
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(5), 301-304, 2013-05
… A 60-year-old man was examined at a local clinic for difficulty in urinating, and was diagnosed with prostatic hypertrophy. … Lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue treatment was initiated in April 1999, and 9 months later the PSA level had decreased to 4.3 ng/ml. … Six years and 9 months after the start of hormone therapy, the cancer had developed into castration-resistant prostate cancer and the PSA level had risen to 43.8 ng/ml. …
NAID 120005245083

Clinicopathological and Molecular Histochemical Review of Skull Base Metastasis from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Matsuno Akira,Murakami Mineko,Hoya Katsumi,M. Yamada Shoko,Miyamoto Shinya,Yamada So,Son Jae-Hyun,Nishido Hajime,Ide Fuyuaki,Nagashima Hiroshi,Sugaya Mutsumi,Hirohata Toshio,Mizutani Akiko,Okinaga Hiroko,Ishii Yudo,Tahara Shigeyuki,Teramoto Akira,Osamura R. Yoshiyuki,Yamazaki Kazuto,Ishida Yasuo
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA, 2013
… Bone destruction and local invasion to the surrounding soft tissues are common on radiological imaging. …
NAID 130003381867