関: Pichia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/06 20:23:43」(JST)

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Pichia (Hansenula and Hyphopichia are obsolete synonyms) is a genus of yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae with spherical, elliptical or oblong acuminate cells. Pichia is a teleomorph, and forms during sexual reproduction hat-shaped, hemispherical or round ascospores. The anamorphs of some Pichia species are Candida species. The asexual reproduction is by multilateral budding.

Lactose is neither fermented by this species nor assimilated. The behavior with regard to other carbohydrates is dependent on the different species. Nitrate is always assimilated.

Today more than 100 species of this genus are known. Some of them interfere with the fermentation process for alcohol production. In winemaking, some species of Pichia can create potential faults in wines.^[1] Most are found in decaying plants, some live in close symbiosis with insects, which live on decaying plants.

Some Pichia representatives can be found in raw milk and cheese, such as P. anomala (formerly named Hansenula anomala). P. anomala has been shown to combat the undesirable mold Aspergillus flavus, which contaminates food sources such as tree nuts and corn, and produces aflatoxins. Researchers of the Agricultural Research Service found that when pistachio trees were treated with P. anomala the growth of A. flavus was inhibited up to 97%. In addition to inhibiting A. flavus, the yeast may also help protect other agricultural crops from unwanted molds that affect the crop’s taste, texture, yield, and safety. [1] In smeared surface ripened cheese the most important species is P. membranifaciens that also occurs on cream cheese. The formation of a so-called pellicle is typical. Another member of the genus, P. pastoris is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology as an expression system. P. angusta furthermore called Hansenula polymorpha or H. polymorpha, is a model organism for studying the functions of peroxisomes and their underlying molecular biology.

Some Pichia species (e.g. P. ohmeri) have recently been clinically been proven to be pathogens, better known as so-called opportunistic pathogens ^[2] in immunocompromised humans.

References

^ K. Fugelsang, C. Edwards Wine Microbiology Second Edition pgs 3-28 Springer Science and Business Media , New York (2010) ISBN 0387333495
^ Pichia Species, Doctor Fungus, url accessed 2014-02-27

External links

Pichia at ITIS
Pichia at NCBI Taxonomy browser
Pichia at Dr Fungus

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児における特殊な真菌感染症 unusual fungal infections in the neonate

English Journal

A thermostable exo-β-fructosidase immobilised through rational design.

Martínez D, Cutiño-Avila B, Pérez ER, Menéndez C, Hernández L, Del Monte-Martínez A.SourceFermentation Laboratory, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Sancti Spíritus (CIGBSS), Circunvalante Norte S/N, Olivos 3, Apartado Postal 83, Sancti Spíritus 60200, Cuba. Electronic address: duniesky.martinez@cigb.edu.cu.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Feb 15;145:826-31. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.073. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Thermotoga maritima exo-β-fructosidase (BfrA) secreted by a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain was optimally immobilised on Glyoxyl-Sepharose CL 4B using the Rational Design of Immobilised Derivatives (RDID) strategy. Covalent attachment of the N-glycosylated BfrA onto the activated support at pH 1
PMID 24128552

Effect of molecular chaperones on the expression of Candida antarctica lipase B in Pichia pastoris.

Samuel P, Prasanna Vadhana AK, Kamatchi R, Antony A, Meenakshisundaram S.SourceCentre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.
Microbiological research.Microbiol Res.2013 Dec 14;168(10):615-20. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
One of the reasons for limited heterologous protein secretion in Pichia pastoris is the suboptimal folding conditions inside the cell. The Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperone families in the cytoplasm or the ER regulate the folding and secretion of heterologous proteins. Here, we have studied the effect of ch
PMID 23871144

The two-step electrochemical oxidation of alcohols using a novel recombinant PQQ alcohol dehydrogenase as a catalyst for a bioanode.

Takeda K, Matsumura H, Ishida T, Samejima M, Igarashi K, Nakamura N, Ohno H.SourceDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Bioelectrochemistry.2013 Dec;94:75-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
A bioanode has been developed based on the oxidation of ethanol by the recombinant pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The apo form of the recombinant protein (PpADH) was purified and displayed cata
PMID 24036413

Japanese Journal

Cloning and characterization of a novel phytase from wastewater treatment yeast Hansenula fabianii J640 and expression in Pichia pastoris(ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Watanabe Takashi,Ikeda Hiroko,Masaki Kazuo,Fujii Tsutomu,Iefuji Haruyuki
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 108(3), 225-230, 2009-09
… In the present study, we purified a novel phytase from the wastewater treatment yeast Hansenula fabianii J640 (Hfphytase), cloned the 1456bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding Hfphytase, and characterized Hfphytase. …
NAID 110007386287

2Bp06 メタノール資化酵母の脂肪酸不飽和化酵素遺伝子の単離(遺伝子工学,一般講演)

圓井真,金子嘉信,馬場健史,福崎英一郎,杉山峰崇,原島俊
日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集平成21年度, 16, 2009-08-25
NAID 110007500321

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「Pichia」

Pichia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Ascomycota
Subphylum:	Saccharomycotina
Class:	Saccharomycetes
Order:	Saccharomycetales
Family:	Saccharomycetaceae
Genus:	Pichia; Hansen, 1904
Species
	P. farinosa; P. anomala; P. heedii; P. guilliermondii; P. kluyveri; P. membranifaciens; P. norvegensis; P. ohmeri; P. pastoris; Pichia methanolica; P. subpelliculosa;
Synonyms
	Hansenula;