関: gonad、gonad gland、gonadal

WordNet

a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced (同)sex gland
of or relating to the gonads; "gonadal hormones"
of or relating to the external sex organs; "genital herpes"; "venereal disease" (同)venereal
any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream (同)secretory organ, secretor, secreter

PrepTutorEJDIC

性腺(せん),生殖腺
生殖の,生殖器の
(生物体内の)腺(せん)
生殖器;(特に)外部生殖器

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/13 12:13:19」(JST)

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A pair of fresh ovaries of Cyprinus carpio placed in dissecting dish.

A gonad or sex gland or reproductive gland^[1] is a mixed gland that produces the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an organism. In the female of the species the reproductive cells are the egg cells, and in the male the reproductive cells are the sperm.^[2] The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells. Both of these gametes, are haploid germ cells.

Regulation

The gonads are controlled by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, produced and secreted by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland.^[3] This secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced in the hypothalamus.^[4]^[5]

Development

Gonads start developing as a common primordium (an organ in the earliest stage of development), in the form of gonadal ridges,^[6] and only later are differentiated to male or female sex organs. The presence of the SRY gene,^[7] located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines male sexual differentiation. In the absence of the SRY gene from the Y chromosome, the female sex (ovaries instead of testes) will develop. The development of the gonads is a part of the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

References

^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sex+gland?r=66
^ http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/gonad
^ "gonadotropin". The Free Dictionary. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Elsevier. 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ John W. Kimball (12 February 2011). "Hormones of the Hypothalamus: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)". Kimball's Biology Pages. John W. Kimball (The Saylor Foundation). Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ Marieb, Elaine (2013). Anatomy & physiology. Benjamin-Cummings. p. 915. ISBN 9780321887603.
^ Satoh M.; Anat J. (August 1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos". PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine) (Abstract). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan. PMID 1769902. Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ "Human Developmental Genetics". Institut Pasteur. Institut Pasteur. Retrieved 4 June 2012.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 唾液腺腫瘍：疫学、診断、評価、および病期分類 salivary gland tumors epidemiology diagnosis evaluation and staging
2. 小児および思春期女性における膣出血の評価 evaluation of vaginal bleeding in children and adolescents
3. 唾液腺腫瘍：限局性疾患の治療 salivary gland tumors treatment of locoregional disease
4. 唾石症 salivary gland stones
5. 性器単純ヘルペスウイルス感染と妊娠 genital herpes simplex virus infection and pregnancy

English Journal

Ewing's sarcoma arising from the adrenal gland in a young male: a case report.

Zahir MN, Ansari TZ, Moatter T, Memon W, Pervez S.Author information Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, PO BOX: 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. nauman.zahir@aku.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Ewing's sarcoma uncommonly arises from extraosseous soft tissue or parenchymal organs. Primary adrenal Ewing's Sarcoma, although very rare, is extremely aggressive and commonly fatal.
BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2013 Dec 13;6(1):533. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-533.
BACKGROUND: Ewing's sarcoma uncommonly arises from extraosseous soft tissue or parenchymal organs. Primary adrenal Ewing's Sarcoma, although very rare, is extremely aggressive and commonly fatal.CASE PRESENTATION: A 17 year old Pakistani male was referred to the outpatient oncology clinic at our ce
PMID 24330865

Vulvar procedures: biopsy, bartholin abscess treatment, and condyloma treatment.

Mayeaux EJ Jr, Cooper D.Author information Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 3209 Colonial Drive, Columbia, SC 29203, USA.AbstractSeveral benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions may arise on the vulva, and multiple types of procedures may be used to diagnose and treat these conditions. Punch and shave biopsies may be used to diagnose most vulvar conditions, but lesions suspected of being melanomas may best be diagnosed with narrow-margin excisional biopsies. Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses may be treated with several different treatment modalities, the most common of which are fistulization and marsupialization. Genital warts may be treated with several medical and surgical modalities to relieve symptoms.
Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America.Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am.2013 Dec;40(4):759-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2013.08.009.
Several benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions may arise on the vulva, and multiple types of procedures may be used to diagnose and treat these conditions. Punch and shave biopsies may be used to diagnose most vulvar conditions, but lesions suspected of being melanomas may best be diagnosed wit
PMID 24286999

Effects of perinatal ethinyl estradiol exposure in male and female Wistar rats.

Mandrup KR, Jacobsen PR, Isling LK, Axelstad M, Dreisig K, Hadrup N, Vinggaard AM, Hass U, Boberg J.Author information Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark.AbstractPerinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity can adversely affect reproductive development, but few studies evaluating estrogen-sensitive endpoints have been performed in Wistar rats. Therefore, time-mated Wistar rats (n=10) were gavaged during gestation and lactation with 0, 5, 15 or 50μg/kg bw/day of ethinyl estradiol. This potent estrogen was found to induce an increased number of nipples and reduced ovary weight in female offspring. Malformations of female genitalia were found in young as well as adult offspring, as an increased AGD was seen at birth and a deeper urethral slit length was seen in adulthood. In prepubertal male offspring, estrogen-regulated gene expression in ventral prostate was increased dose-dependently and a decreased ventral prostate weight was seen at 15μg/kg. Female external sexual characteristics and prostate development were found to be targets for exposure to estrogenic compounds and may be of interest in studies on estrogenic environmental compounds.
Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.).Reprod Toxicol.2013 Dec;42:180-91. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity can adversely affect reproductive development, but few studies evaluating estrogen-sensitive endpoints have been performed in Wistar rats. Therefore, time-mated Wistar rats (n=10) were gavaged during gestation and lactatio
PMID 24036065