WordNet

verify by using a duplicate register for comparison; "control an account"
a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another; "measures for the control of disease"; "they instituted controls over drinking on campus"
a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine; "the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly"; "I turned the controls over to her" (同)controller
(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters"
the activity of managing or exerting control over something; "the control of the mob by the police was admirable"
a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
power to direct or determine; "under control"
the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls"
exercise authoritative control or power over; "control the budget"; "Command the military forces" (同)command
lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" (同)hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate
check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard; "Are you controlling for the temperature?" (同)verify
make complete or perfect; supply what is wanting or form the complement to; "I need some pepper to complement the sweet touch in the soup"
a complete number or quantity; "a full complement"
one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
something added to complete or embellish or make perfect; "a fine wine is a perfect complement to the dinner"; "wild rice was served as an accompaniment to the main dish" (同)accompaniment
number needed to make up a whole force; "a full complement of workers" (同)full complement
a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction
either of two parts that mutually complete each other
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…に対する)『統制』,抑制,制御《+『over』(『of』+『名』) / 〈C〉《複数形で》(…を)統整する手段,統御法《+『on』(『over』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…を)『抑制する力』,(…の)統整力,支配力《+『over』(『of』)+『名』》 / 《複数形で》《単数扱い》(機械の)操縦装置 / 〈C〉(実験結果の)照査基準 / …'を'『支配する』,統御する,管理する,監督する / 〈感情など〉'を'『抑制する』,抑える / …'を'照らし合わせて調べる,照査する
(あるものを完全にするため)(…を)補う物(事)《+『of』+『名』》 / 補語(文法で文の成分の一つ) / (必要な)全数,全量;(船の)定員 / …を補足する,補う
蛋白(たんばく)質

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/09 01:05:26」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The complement system distinguishes "self" from "non-self" via a range of specialized cell-surface and soluble proteins. These homologous proteins belong to a family called the "regulators of complement activation (RCA)" or "complement control proteins (CCP)". Complement control proteins work in concert to regulate the system and keep it from damaging host tissue while simultaneously directing it towards foreign particles such as viruses and bacteria, and unwanted material such as cell debris and antibody-antigen complexes.

Most of the complement control proteins act on the convertases, C3b.Bb and C4b.2a, which are bimolecular complexes formed early on in the complement cascade.

Members

The best-studied members of this family are:

Complement receptor 1 (CR1 or CD35)
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP or CD46)
C4b-binding protein (C4BP).
Decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55)
Factor H (fH)

Other soluble complement regulators that do not belong to the RCA/CCP family are Complement Factor I and C1 inhibitor.

Mechanisms of protection

Every cell in the human body is protected by one or more of the membrane-associated RCA proteins, CR1, DAF or MCP. Factor H and C4BP circulate in the plasma and are recruited to self-surfaces through binding to host-specific polysaccharides such as the glycosaminoglycans. All act to disrupt the formation of the convertases or to shorten the life-span of any complexes that do manage to form. Their presence on self-surfaces, and their absence from the surfaces of foreign particles, means that these regulators perform the important task of targeting complement to where it is needed - on the invading bacterium for example - while preventing activation on host tissues.

For example, C3b.Bb is an important convertase that is part of the alternative pathway, and it is formed when factor B binds C3b and is subsequently cleaved. To prevent this from happening, factor H competes with factor B to bind C3b; if it manages to bind, then the convertase is not formed. Factor H can bind C3b much more easily in the presence of sialic acid, which is a component of most cells in the human body; conversely, in the absence of sialic acid, factor B can bind C3b more easily. This means that if C3b is bound to a "self" cell, the presence of sialic acid and the binding of factor H will prevent the complement cascade from activating; if C3b is bound to a bacterium, factor B will bind and the cascade will be set off as normal.

Structure

RCA proteins typically possess CCP domains, also termed Sushi domains or Short Consensus Repeats (SCR). Such beta-sandwich domains contain about 60 amino acid residues, each with 4 conserved cysteines arranged in two conserved disulfide bonds (oxidized in 'abab' manner), and a conserved tryptophan, but otherwise can vary greatly in sequence.

The first CCP structure determined was a solution structure of the 16th module of factor H (pdb:1hcc).^[1] Since then, other CCP domains have been solved either by NMR-spectroscopy (also relaxation studies, e.g. module 2 and 3 from CD55 (pdb:1nwv))^[2] or by X-ray diffraction (also with co-crystallized partner, e.g. CR2 CCP modules complexed with C3d (pdb:1ghq)).^[3]

Clinical significance

The importance of complement regulation for good health is highlighted by recent work that seems to imply that individuals carrying point mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms in their genes for factor H may be more susceptible to diseases including atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome,^[4] dense deposit diseases (or membranoproliferative glomrulonephritis type 2) and - most notably because of its prevalence in the elderly - age-related macular degeneration.^[5] Transgenic pigs that express complement regulation factors may one day be useful for xenotransplantation.

Sources

^ Norman, D.G., Barlow, P.N., Baron, M., Day, A.J., Sim, R.B., Campbell, I.D. Three-dimensional structure of a complement control protein module in solution. J Mol Biol 219(4):717-725.(1991)
^ Uhrínova, S., Lin, F., Ball, G., Bromek, K., Uhrin, D., Medof, M.E., Barlow, P.N. Solution structure of a functionally active fragment of decay-accelerating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(8):4718-4723.(2003)
^ Szakonyi, G., Guthridge, J.M., Li, D., Young, K., Holers, V.M., Chen, X.S. Structure of complement receptor 2 in complex with its C3d ligand. Science 292(5522):1725-1728.(2001)
^ Buddles, M.R., Donne, R.L., Richards, A., Goodship, J. & Goodship, T.H. Complement factor H gene mutation associated with autosomal recessive atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 66, 1721-1722 (2000).
^ Hageman, G.S. et al. A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H (HF1/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 7227-7232 (2005).

Kirkitadze M, Barlow P (2001). "Structure and flexibility of the multiple domain proteins that regulate complement activation". Immunol Rev 180 (1): 146–61. doi:10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1800113.x. PMID 11414356.

External links

Complement Inactivator Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 補体系の概要および臨床的評価 overview and clinical assessment of the complement system
2. 補体系の制御因子および受容体 regulators and receptors of the complement system
3. 補体介在性溶血性尿毒症症候群 complement mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome
4. 補体系の遺伝性疾患 inherited disorders of the complement system
5. 補体経路 complement pathways

English Journal

Chansu inhibits the expression of cortactin in colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Li C1,2, Hashimi SM1,2, Cao S1,2, Qi J1,2, Good D1,3, Duan W4, Wei MQ5,6.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.BMC Complement Altern Med.2015 Jul 2;15(1):207.
BACKGROUND: Chansu is a transitional Chinese medicine that has been used for centuries as therapy for inflammation, anaesthesia and arrhythmia in China and other Asian countries. Recently, it has also been used for anti-cancer purposes. We have previously shown that Chansu has a huge pro-apoptotic p
PMID 26134506

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals an Altered Cystic Fibrosis In Vitro Bronchial Epithelial Secretome.

Peters-Hall JR1,2, Brown KJ1,3,2, Pillai DK1,3,2,4, Tomney A2, Garvin LM1,2, Wu X1,3,2, Rose MC1,3,2.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2015 Jul;53(1):22-32.
Alterations in epithelial secretions and mucociliary clearance contribute to chronic bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, but whether CF lungs are unchanged in the absence of infection remains controversial. A proteomic comparison of airway secretions from subjects with CF and c
PMID 25692303

Improved preparation of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) as a noninvasive sample for proteomic biomarker discovery.

Schoenebeck B1, May C2, Güldner C3, Respondek G4, Mollenhauer B5, Hoeglinger G6, Meyer HE7, Marcus K8.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2015 Jul;1854(7):741-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.01.015. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) becomes more and more important as a noninvasive patient sample serving as a new opportunity to discover new biomarkers in diverse human diseases comprising mainly respiratory disorders. This was supported by the observation that the protein profile of NLF differs from conve
PMID 25680929

Japanese Journal

Surface plasmon resonance in monitoring of complement activation on biomaterials.

Arima Yusuke,Toda Mitsuaki,Iwata Hiroo
Advanced drug delivery reviews 63(12), 988-999, 2011-09-16
… For successful development of biomaterials used in biomedical devices that will be exposed to blood, understanding and control of these interactions are essential. … In this review, we describe an SPR biosensor and its application to monitor complement activation onto biomaterials surface. … We also discuss the effect of surface properties of the material on complement activation. …
NAID 120003405538

たいまつ米胚芽発酵GABAによるヒト単球系細胞株(U937)表面上のCD93の発現およびインターロイキンー 8(IL-8)の産生増強

池脇信直,石附亨,中村雅彦,林裕二,樋口元剛,後藤牧人
九州保健福祉大学研究紀要 11, 159-167, 2010-03
… また、CD93の発現増強はprotein kinase C(PKC)阻害剤であるGo6976で抑制された。 …
NAID 110007577976

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「CD21」「補体調節タンパク質」「CCP」「補体制御タンパク質」
拡張検索	「complement control protein repeat」
関連記事	「control」「complement」