WordNet

a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline; released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems
any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
アセチルコリン(神経を刺激し筋肉運動を起こす化合物)
抗体,免疫体,抗毒素
=sense organ / 受信装置
OLD French古[代]フランス語

UpToDate Contents

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1. 重症筋無力症の診断 diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
2. 重症筋無力症の病因 pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis
3. 眼筋型重症筋無力症 ocular myasthenia gravis
4. 重症筋無力症患者に対する麻酔 anesthesia for the patient with myasthenia gravis
5. 神経系の腫瘍随伴性症候群の概要 overview of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system

English Journal

Myasthenia gravis epidemiology in a national cohort; combining multiple disease registries.

Andersen JB1, Heldal AT, Engeland A, Gilhus NE.Author information 1Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.AbstractOBJECTIVES: There is a wide variation in reported prevalence and incidence of myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of two nationwide databases by comparing prevalence and incidence rates reported from three recent studies using the two databases as case-finding method.
Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.Acta Neurol Scand Suppl.2014 Apr;(198):26-31. doi: 10.1111/ane.12233.
OBJECTIVES: There is a wide variation in reported prevalence and incidence of myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of two nationwide databases by comparing prevalence and incidence rates reported from three recent studies using the two databases as case-finding me
PMID 24588503

Treatment of MuSK-Associated Myasthenia Gravis.

El-Salem K1, Yassin A, Al-Hayk K, Yahya S, Al-Shorafat D, Dahbour SS.Author information 1Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan, 22110, khalidelsalem@hotmail.com.AbstractOPINION STATEMENT: Approximately 5-8 % of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients test positive for antibodies against muscle- specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) receptors. Except in extremely rare reports, all are acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-negative. While MuSK myasthenia gravis (MMG) patients have distinct clinical phenotypes and may differ from AChR-positive patients in diagnostic testing and response to treatment, goals for the treatment of MMG are similar to those in non-MMG. Priority of treatment should be directed toward reducing weakness as much and as quickly as possible. This is particularly true in patients with bulbar or respiratory weakness in order to avoid progression to respiratory failure. After this initial phase, medications should be slowly tapered to the minimum effective dose. Considering the natural history of MMG, a small proportion of patients can be completely taken off treatment at some point, but the vast majority will require treatment for life. Response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ACEi) is usually poor, and the likelihood of side effects is relatively high. However, considering the benign nature of this line of treatment and the potential for rapid response, an initial trial of ACEi is reasonable. Unless clearly contraindicated by other medical conditions, we recommend initiating corticosteroid treatment for all MMG patients, starting at a dose of 1.5-2 mg /kg/ day of prednisone, followed by gradual and slow taper to the minimum effective dose. A steroid-sparing agent such as azathioprine - and, less often, mycophenolate mofetil or cyclosporine - may be added. When prednisone is used in combination with another immunosuppressive agent, reducing and then tapering off prednisone may be tried after maximum improvement is achieved. It should be emphasized that response to immunosuppressive medications can be delayed for months, although most patients eventually show marked and sustained response. Cyclophosphamide may be used sparingly in select patients who do not respond to the above medications. Rituximab has shown promising results in MMG, and should be considered in severe and refractory cases or in situations where other options are contraindicated or not tolerated by patients. Acute exacerbations may be treated by plasma exchange, which most reports indicate is superior to IVIg, although IVIg may still be used. To date, there is no convincing evidence for the role of thymectomy in MMG.
Current treatment options in neurology.Curr Treat Options Neurol.2014 Apr;16(4):283. doi: 10.1007/s11940-014-0283-8.
OPINION STATEMENT: Approximately 5-8 % of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients test positive for antibodies against muscle- specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) receptors. Except in extremely rare reports, all are acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-negative. While MuSK myasthenia gravis (MMG) patients ha
PMID 24504626

Maintenance IVIg therapy in myasthenia gravis does not affect disease activity.

Hellmann MA1, Mosberg-Galili R1, Lotan I1, Steiner I2.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.2Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: israels@ekmd.huji.ac.il.AbstractOBJECTIVES: There is insufficient data on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) as maintenance treatment in myasthenia gravis (MG). We therefore examined response to maintenance IVIg therapy in a cohort of MG patients.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2014 Mar 15;338(1-2):39-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.043. Epub 2013 Nov 6.
OBJECTIVES: There is insufficient data on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) as maintenance treatment in myasthenia gravis (MG). We therefore examined response to maintenance IVIg therapy in a cohort of MG patients.METHODS: We reviewed all MG patient files treated with IVIg in our ne
PMID 24267740

Japanese Journal

変動する片眼の眼瞼下垂を呈したサルコイドーシスの一例

野田知子,後藤浩
神経眼科 32(1), 42-46, 2015
再発する眼瞼下垂を呈し，ステロイド治療により改善をみたサルコイドーシスの1例を報告する．症例は36歳の女性．呼吸器内科でサルコイドーシスと臨床診断され，プレドニゾロン5mg/日の内服治療で経過観察されていたが，左眼に不規則な変動を示す眼瞼下垂の症状が出現したため眼科を受診した．抗Ach受容体抗体は陰性で，テンシロンテストやアイスパックテスト，反復誘発筋電図もすべて陰性であった．3か月後，肺野病変悪 …
NAID 130005073801

抗gAChR抗体陽性を呈し自己免疫性自律神経節障害が疑われた慢性偽性腸閉塞症の1例

川西幸貴,森畠康策,加藤順,村田顕也,深津和弘,玉置秀彦,伊藤大策,和田有紀,一瀬雅夫
日本消化機病學會雜誌. 乙 112(1), 62-69, 2015
症例は37歳女性．腹痛を主訴に入院，前医で特発性の慢性偽性腸閉塞症と診断されたが，当院での精査の結果，抗gAChR抗体陽性の自己免疫性自律神経節障害が原因疾患であると疑われた．コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬やステロイド，免疫調節薬の使用，単純血漿交換や二重膜濾過血漿交換，胃・腸管の減圧目的で胃瘻および腸瘻を内視鏡的に造設，大量免疫グロブリン療法とさまざまな治療を行ったが，治療抵抗性であった．
NAID 130004776862

Proteoliposome-based Selection of a Recombinant Antibody Fragment Against the Human M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

Suharni,Nomura Yayoi,Arakawa Takatoshi,Hino Tomoya,Abe Hitomi,Nakada-Nakura Yoshiko,Sato Yumi,Iwanari Hiroko,Shiroishi Mitsunori,Asada Hidetsugu,Shimamura Tatsuro,Murata Takeshi,Kobayashi Takuya,Hamakubo Takao,Iwata So,Nomura Norimichi
Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy 33(6), 378-385, 2014-12-29
… The development of antibodies against human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has achieved limited success, which has mainly been attributed to their low stability in a detergent-solubilized state. … We herein describe a method that can generally be applied to the selection of phage display libraries with human GPCRs reconstituted in liposomes. …
NAID 120005530933