マイコバクテリウム・アフリカヌム
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- M. africanum
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/23 19:09:46」(JST)
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| Mycobacterium africanum |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
| Phylum: |
Actinobacteria |
| Order: |
Actinomycetales |
| Suborder: |
Corynebacterineae |
| Family: |
Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus: |
Mycobacterium |
| Species: |
M. africanum |
| Binomial name |
Mycobacterium africanum
Castets et al. 1969,[1] ATCC 25420 |
Mycobacterium africanum is a species of Mycobacterium that is most commonly found in West African countries. The symptoms of infection resemble those of M. tuberculosis.
It is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.[2]
Contents
- 1 Epidemiology
- 2 Pathogenesis
- 3 Treatment
- 4 Type strain
- 5 References
- 6 Bibliography
- 7 External links
Epidemiology
M. africanum is most commonly found in West African countries, causing up to a quarter of cases of tuberculosis in countries such as the Gambia. It is an infection of humans only and is spread by an airborne route from individuals with open cases of disease.
It has a similar degree of infectivity to the regular M. tuberculosis organism but is less likely to progress to clinical disease in an immunocompetent individual.
M. africanum is more likely to progress from infection to causing disease in an HIV positive patient, hence in countries where M. africanum is endemic, it represents an important opportunistic infection of the later stages of HIV disease.
Pathogenesis
It is not fully understood how the genetic differences between M. africanum and M. tuberculosis give rise to the lower pathogenicity of the former. However, it is known that the Region of Difference 9 (RD9) is lacking in M. africanum but present in M. tuberculosis.[3]
Treatment
M. africanum tuberculosis is treated with an identical regime to tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis. The overall rate of cure is similar, but as more M. africanum patients are likely to be HIV positive, they may have higher mortality from other HIV-related disease
Type strain
ATCC 25420 = CIP 105147
References
- ^ Castets, M.; Rist, N.; Boisvert, H. (1969). "La variété africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain". Médecine d'Afrique Noire 16: 321–2.
- ^ Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, et al. (2010). "Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum". BMC Infect. Dis. 10: 80. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-80. PMC 2859774. PMID 20350321.
- ^ Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, et al. (March 2002). "A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (6): 3684–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.052548299. PMC 122584. PMID 11891304.
Bibliography
- Skerman, V.B.D.; McGowan, V.; Sneath, P.H.A. (January 1980). "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" (PDF). Int J Syst Bacteriol 30 (1): 225–420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
External links
- "Mycobacterium africanum". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 33894.
|
Mycobacteria (including Nontuberculous)
|
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Slowly growing
(R1P=photochromogenic;
R2S=scotochromogenic;
R3N=nonchromogenic) |
|
Long helix 18
(TKHGC)
|
|
M. tuberculosis group
|
- MTC
- M. tuberculosis
- M. bovis
- M. africanum
- M. microti
- M. canetti
- M. caprae
- M. pinnipedii
- MPM
- R1P
- M. marinum
- R2S
- M. pseudoshottsii
- R3N
- M. ulcerans
- M. shottsii
- M. liflandii
- Leprosy
- M. leprae
- M. lepraemurium
- M. lepromatosis
- R3N
- other
- M. lacus
- M. kumamotonense
|
|
|
K/H groups
|
|
M. kansasii group
|
- MAC
- R3N
- M. intracellulare/M. avium
- M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis
- M. chimaera
- R2S
- M. bohemicum
- GK
- R1P
- M. kansasii
- R3N
- M. gastri
- R2S
- M. nebraskense
- M. seoulense
- R3N
- M. scrofulaceum
|
|
|
M. haemophilum group
|
|
|
|
|
M. gordonae group
|
|
|
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M. conspicuum group
|
|
|
|
|
Long helix 18
(other)
|
|
M. xenopi group
|
- M. botniense
- M. shimoidei/M. xenopi
- M. heckeshornense
- M. hassiacum
|
|
|
M. celatum group
|
|
|
|
M. hiberniae group
|
- M. terrae
- M. hiberniae
- M. nonchromogenicum/M. arupense
|
|
|
|
Short helix 18
|
|
M. simiae clade
|
- M. simiae group
- R3N
- M. genavense/M. triplex
- M. florentinum/M. montefiorense
- M. heidelbergense/M. parmense
- M. simiae
- R2S
- M. lentiflavum
- M. kubicae group
- R3N
- M. parascrofulaceum
- R2S
- M. palustre/M. kubicae
- M. interjectum group
- M. interjectum
- M. saskatchewanense
|
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M. intermedium group
|
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Ungrouped
|
- M. triviale
- M. doricum
- M. tusciae
- M. arosiense
|
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Rapidly growing/
Runyon IV |
|
M. neoaurum group
|
- M. mageritense
- M. wolinskyi
- M. canariasense
- M. cosmeticum
- M. diernhoferi
- M. hodleri
- M. frederiksbergense
- M. neoaurum
|
|
|
F/T groups
|
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M. fortuitum group
|
- M. chitae/M. fallax/M. gadium
- M. rhodesiae
- M. houstonense
- M. neworleansense/M. boenickei/M. fortuitum/M. porcinum/M. senegalense
- M. septicum/M. peregrinum/M. alvei
|
|
|
M. vaccae group
|
- M. obuense/M. gilvum/M. parafortuitum
- M. chlorophenolicum/M. chubuense
- M. psychrotolerans/M. sphagni
- M. aubagnense/M. mucogenicum/M. phocaicum
- AV
- M. aurum
- M. vanbaalenii
- M. vaccae
- M. austroafricanum
- M. pyrenivorans
|
|
|
|
M. smegmatis group
|
- M. agri/M. thermoresistibile
- M. duvalii/M. flavescens
- M. monacense
- M. pulveris/M. conceptionense/M. moriokaense
- M. novocastrense/M. brumae/M. phlei
- M. confluentis/M. madagascariense
|
|
|
M. chelonae group
|
- M. komossense
- M. murale/M. tokaiense
- M. aichiense
- M. chelonae
- M. abscessus
- M. immunogenum
- M. massiliense
- M. bolletii
|
|
|
M. elephantis group
|
- M. elephantis
- M. holsaticum
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 結核の疫学 epidemiology of tuberculosis
- 2. 結核の自然史、微生物学、および病因 natural history microbiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis
English Journal
- Differences in T-cell responses between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum-infected patients.
- Tientcheu LD1, Sutherland JS, de Jong BC, Kampmann B, Jafali J, Adetifa IM, Antonio M, Dockrell HM, Ota MO.
- European journal of immunology.Eur J Immunol.2014 May;44(5):1387-98. doi: 10.1002/eji.201343956. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
- In The Gambia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium africanum (Maf) are major causes of tuberculosis (TB). Maf is more likely to cause TB in immune suppressed individuals, implying differences in virulence. Despite this, few studies have assessed the underlying immunity to the two path
- PMID 24481948
- Phylogenetic polymorphisms in antibiotic resistance genes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
- Feuerriegel S1, Köser CU, Niemann S.
- The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.J Antimicrob Chemother.2014 May;69(5):1205-10. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt535. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
- OBJECTIVES: Sequence analysis of known antibiotic resistance genes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is increasingly being used to infer phenotypic resistance to a variety of antibiotics. However, a clear understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship is required to interpret ge
- PMID 24458512
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and drug susceptibility in a cattle-rearing region of Cameroon.
- Kuaban C1, Um Boock A2, Noeske J3, Bekang F4, Eyangoh S5.
- The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.Int J Tuberc Lung Dis.2014 Jan;18(1):34-8. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0333.
- SETTING: Seven district hospitals in the Adamaoua Region of Cameroon, June 2009 to May 2010.OBJECTIVES: To identify species among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) strains responsible for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and determine their susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs.DESIGN: Sputum
- PMID 24365549
Japanese Journal
- Mycobacterium africanum subtype II is associated with two distinct genotypes and is a major cause of human tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M.africanum,M.bovisおよびM.microtiの関係についての計数分類学的解析
Related Links
- Results Definition of M. africanum In 1968 in Dakar, Senegal, Castets and colleagues reported mycobacterial strains that, in biochemical testing, were intermediaries between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, and named ...
- Species, Scientific Experts, Genomes and Genes, Research Grants, Publications, Research Topics about Mycobacterium africanum ... Nicolaas C Gey van Pittius Department of Science and Technology National Research ...
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