WordNet
- reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
- a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
- a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
- not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
- having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
- characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
- expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
- having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
- less than zero; "a negative number"
- (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
- (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
- the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
- (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
- moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
- an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
- (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
- relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"
- Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) (同)Hans C. J. Gram
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate
- 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
- 『バクテリア』,細菌
- バクテリアの,細菌の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/04/06 14:15:13」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Gram-negative bacterial infection |
Gram negative cell wall
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Classification and external resources |
MeSH |
D016905 |
[edit on Wikidata]
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Gram-negative bacterial infection refers to a disease caused by gram-negative bacteria. One example is E. coli.[1]
It is important to recognize that this class is defined morphologically (by the presence of a bacterial outer membrane), and not histologically (by a pink appearance when stained), though the two usually coincide.
One reason for this division is that the outer membrane is of major clinical significance: it can play a role in the reduced effectiveness of certain antibiotics,[2] and it is the source of endotoxin.[3]
The gram status of some organisms is complex or disputed:
- Mycoplasma are sometimes considered gram negative,[4][5] but because of its lack of a cell wall and unusual membrane composition, it is sometimes considered separately from other gram-negative bacteria.[6]
- Gardnerella is often considered gram negative,[7] but it is classified in MeSH as both gram positive and gram negative.[8] It has some traits of gram positive bacteria,[9] but has a gram negative appearance.[10] It has been described as a "gram-variable rod".[11][12]
References
- ^ Cordonnier C, Herbrecht R, Buzyn A, et al. (August 2005). "Risk factors for Gram-negative bacterial infections in febrile neutropenia". Haematologica 90 (8): 1102–9. PMID 16079110.
- ^ Pagès JM, Masi M, Barbe J (August 2005). "Inhibitors of efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria". Trends Mol Med 11 (8): 382–9. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.06.006. PMID 15996519.
- ^ "Introduction: Bacterial Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition".
- ^ Mycoplasma at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ^ "mycoplasma" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Sasaki T (April 1991). "Evidence that mycoplasmas, gram-negative bacteria, and certain gram-positive bacteria share a similar protein antigen". J. Bacteriol. 173 (7): 2398–400. PMC 207793. PMID 2007558.
- ^ "Gardnerella" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Gardnerella at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ^ Sadhu K, Domingue PA, Chow AW, Nelligan J, Cheng N, Costerton JW (July 1989). "Gardnerella vaginalis has a gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure and lacks classical cell-wall lipopolysaccharide". J. Med. Microbiol. 29 (3): 229–35. doi:10.1099/00222615-29-3-229. PMID 2787405.
- ^ Cook RL, Reid G, Pond DG, Schmitt CA, Sobel JD (September 1989). "Clue cells in bacterial vaginosis: immunofluorescent identification of the adherent gram-negative bacteria as Gardnerella vaginalis". J. Infect. Dis. 160 (3): 490–6. doi:10.1093/infdis/160.3.490. PMID 2668431.
- ^ "eMedicine - Gardnerella : Article by Diana Curran". Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- ^ "eMedicine/Stedman Medical Dictionary Lookup!".
- Infectious diseases
- Bacterial disease: Proteobacterial G−
- primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109
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α |
Rickettsiales |
Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses) |
Typhus |
- Rickettsia typhi
- Rickettsia prowazekii
- Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus
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|
Spotted
fever |
Tick-borne |
- Rickettsia rickettsii
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Rickettsia conorii
- Rickettsia japonica
- Rickettsia sibirica
- Rickettsia australis
- Rickettsia honei
- Flinders Island spotted fever
- Rickettsia africae
- Rickettsia parkeri
- Rickettsia aeschlimannii
- Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection
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Mite-borne |
- Rickettsia akari
- Orientia tsutsugamushi
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Flea-borne |
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|
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Anaplasmataceae |
- Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis
- Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
- Ehrlichia ewingii
- Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
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|
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Rhizobiales |
Brucellaceae |
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Bartonellaceae |
- Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae
- Bartonella quintana
- either henselae or quintana
- Bartonella bacilliformis
- Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana
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|
|
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β |
Neisseriales |
M+ |
- Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
- Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, Meningococcal septicaemia
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M- |
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
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ungrouped: |
- Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae
- Chromobacterium violaceum
- Chromobacteriosis infection
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|
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Burkholderiales |
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia cepacia complex
- Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis
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|
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γ |
Enterobacteriales
(OX-) |
Lac+ |
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Rhinoscleroma, Klebsiella pneumonia
- Klebsiella granulomatis
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic
- Enteroinvasive
- Enterohemorrhagic
- O157:H7
- O104:H4
- Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae
|
|
Slow/weak |
- Serratia marcescens
- Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii
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Lac- |
H2S+ |
- Salmonella enterica
- Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis
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H2S- |
- Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri/boydii
- Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery
- Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris
- Yersinia pestis
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Far East scarlet-like fever
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|
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Pasteurellales |
Haemophilus: |
- H. influenzae
- Haemophilus meningitis
- Brazilian purpuric fever
- H. ducreyi
- H. parainfluenzae
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Pasteurella multocida |
- Pasteurellosis
- Actinobacillus
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans |
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Legionellales |
- Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae
- Coxiella burnetii
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Thiotrichales |
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Vibrionaceae |
- Vibrio cholerae
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Vibrio alginolyticus
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
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Pseudomonadales |
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Acinetobacter baumannii
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Xanthomonadaceae |
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Cardiobacteriaceae |
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Aeromonadales |
- Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii
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ε |
Campylobacterales |
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome
- Helicobacter pylori
- Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma, Gastric cancer
- Helicobacter cinaedi
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- Infectious diseases
- Bacterial diseases: BV4 non-proteobacterial G- (primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109)
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Spirochaete |
Spirochaetaceae |
Treponema |
- Treponema pallidum
- Treponema carateum (Pinta)
- Treponema denticola
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Borrelia |
- Borrelia burgdorferi/Borrelia afzelii
- Lyme disease
- Erythema chronicum migrans
- Neuroborreliosis
- Borrelia recurrentis (Louse borne relapsing fever)
- Borrelia hermsii/Borrelia duttoni/Borrelia parkeri (Tick borne relapsing fever)
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Leptospiraceae |
Leptospira |
- Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis)
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Spirillaceae |
Spirillum |
- Spirillum minus (Rat-bite fever/Sodoku)
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Chlamydiaceae |
Chlamydophila |
- Chlamydophila psittaci (Psittacosis)
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
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Chlamydia |
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Chlamydia
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Trachoma
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Bacteroidetes |
- Bacteroides fragilis
- Tannerella forsythia
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus
- Porphyromonas gingivalis
- Prevotella intermedia
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Fusobacteria |
- Fusobacterium necrophorum (Lemierre's syndrome)
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Fusobacterium polymorphum
- Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-bite fever/Haverhill fever)
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Modulation of the Interaction of Enteric Bacteria with Intestinal Mucosa by Stress-Related Catecholamines.
- Stevens MP1.
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;874:143-66. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_6.
- Stress associated with parturition, transport or mixing has long been correlated with enhanced faecal excretion of diarrhoeal zoonotic pathogens in animals such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It may also predispose humans to infection and/or be associated with more severe outcomes. One
- PMID 26589217
- Amide side chain amphiphilic polymers disrupt surface established bacterial bio-films and protect mice from chronic Acinetobacter baumannii infection.
- Uppu DS1, Samaddar S1, Ghosh C1, Paramanandham K2, Shome BR2, Haldar J3.
- Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2016 Jan;74:131-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.042. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
- Bacterial biofilms represent the root-cause of chronic or persistent infections in humans. Gram-negative bacterial infections due to nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii are more difficult to treat because of their inherent and rapidly acquiring resistance to antibi
- PMID 26454051
Japanese Journal
- Prospective randomized comparison study of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem for healthcare-associated pneumonia in Japan
- Yamamoto Yoshihiro,Izumikawa Koichi,Morinaga Yoshitomo,Nakamura Shigeki,Kurihara Shintaro,Imamura Yoshifumi,Miyazaki Taiga,Tsukamoto Misuzu,Kakeya Hiroshi,Yanagihara Katsunori,Yasuoka Akira,Kohno Shigeru
- Journal of Infection
- … hence, it is more likely to be caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and anaerobes involved in aspiration pneumonia. … We compared the efficacy and safety of initial empiric therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ, 13.5 g/day) with that of meropenem (MEPM, 1.5 g/day) as single broad-spectrum regimens with gram-negative and anaerobic coverage in patients with HCAP in Japan. …
- NAID 120005323724
- Bacterial Pleuritis with Thickened Mesothelial Hyperplasia in a Young Beagle Dog
- Yamada Naoaki,Hashimoto Satomi,Tomonari Yuki [他],KOKOSHIMA Hiroko,DOI Takuya,SATO Junko,WAKO Yumi,TSUCHITANI Minoru
- Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 26(3), 313-317, 2013
- … The flecks consisted of gram-negative filamentous or small bacillary (coccoid) bacteria. … In the right posterior lobe of the lung, neutrophilic infiltration and a large encapsulated abscess including a bacterial colony were present. … We diagnosed this case as "bacterial pleuritis with thickened mesothelial hyperplasia". … The cause of the pleuritis might be a chronic pleural infection spread via the lung abscess. …
- NAID 130003382449
Related Links
- General Information about gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in healthcare settings. Gram ...
- NIAID supports basic, translational and clinical research on gram-negative bacteria to develop new and effective drugs and other treatments ... Gram-negative Bacteria The Gram stain test, developed in the 1800s by Hans ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit
[★]
- 関
- cryptic、negatively、negativity
[★]
- 関
- bacteria、bacterially、bacterio、bacterium
[★]
[★]
細菌感染症、菌感染症、細菌性感染症、細菌感染