gram-negative bacterial infection

WordNet

1. reckoned in a direction opposite to that regarded as positive; "negative interest rates"
2. a piece of photographic film showing an image with light and shade or colors reversed
3. a reply of denial; "he answered in the negative"
4. not indicating the presence of microorganisms or disease or a specific condition; "the HIV test was negative" (同)disconfirming
5. having a negative charge; "electrons are negative" (同)electronegative, negatively charged
6. characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features; "a negative outlook on life"; "a colorless negative personality"; "a negative evaluation"; "a negative reaction to an advertising campaign"
7. expressing or consisting of a negation or refusal or denial
8. having the quality of something harmful or unpleasant; "ran a negative campaign"; "delinquents retarded by their negative outlook on life"
9. less than zero; "a negative number"
10. (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
11. (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
12. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
13. (international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
14. moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
15. an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
16. (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
17. relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"
18. Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938) (同)Hans C. J. Gram

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『否定の』,反対の / 『消極的な』,控えめの / 陰電気の;(数値が)負の,マイナスの(minus);(写真が)陰画の,ネガの;(医学検査結果が)陰性の / 『否定』,拒否,「いやだ」と言うこと / 否定語[句] / 《the~》(特に討論会の)反対者側,反対派 / (電気分解に用いる)陰極板 / (数値の)負数 / (写真の)陰画,ネガ / 《しばしば受動態に用いて》…‘に'反対投票をする / =negate
2. 〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病
3. 『バクテリア』,細菌
4. バクテリアの,細菌の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/06 14:15:13」(JST)

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Gram-negative bacterial infection
Gram negative cell wall
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D016905

Gram-negative bacterial infection refers to a disease caused by gram-negative bacteria. One example is E. coli.

It is important to recognize that this class is defined morphologically (by the presence of a bacterial outer membrane), and not histologically (by a pink appearance when stained), though the two usually coincide.

One reason for this division is that the outer membrane is of major clinical significance: it can play a role in the reduced effectiveness of certain antibiotics, and it is the source of endotoxin.

The gram status of some organisms is complex or disputed:

• Mycoplasma are sometimes considered gram negative, but because of its lack of a cell wall and unusual membrane composition, it is sometimes considered separately from other gram-negative bacteria.
• Gardnerella is often considered gram negative, but it is classified in MeSH as both gram positive and gram negative. It has some traits of gram positive bacteria, but has a gram negative appearance. It has been described as a "gram-variable rod".

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：疫学、臨床的特徴、および診断 gram negative bacillary meningitis epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis
• 2. グラム陰性桿菌性髄膜炎：治療 gram negative bacillary meningitis treatment
• 3. 肺炎桿菌（肺炎クレブシエラ）感染症の臨床的特徴、診断、および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of klebsiella pneumoniae infection
• 4. 月齢1ヶ月以上の小児における急性細菌性髄膜炎：治療および予後 bacterial meningitis in children older than one month treatment and prognosis
• 5. 新生児における細菌性髄膜炎：治療および転帰 bacterial meningitis in the neonate treatment and outcome

English Journal

• Modulation of the Interaction of Enteric Bacteria with Intestinal Mucosa by Stress-Related Catecholamines.

• Stevens MP1.
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;874:143-66. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_6.
• Stress associated with parturition, transport or mixing has long been correlated with enhanced faecal excretion of diarrhoeal zoonotic pathogens in animals such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It may also predispose humans to infection and/or be associated with more severe outcomes. One
• PMID 26589217

• Amide side chain amphiphilic polymers disrupt surface established bacterial bio-films and protect mice from chronic Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

• Uppu DS1, Samaddar S1, Ghosh C1, Paramanandham K2, Shome BR2, Haldar J3.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2016 Jan;74:131-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.042. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
• Bacterial biofilms represent the root-cause of chronic or persistent infections in humans. Gram-negative bacterial infections due to nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii are more difficult to treat because of their inherent and rapidly acquiring resistance to antibi
• PMID 26454051

Japanese Journal

• Prospective randomized comparison study of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem for healthcare-associated pneumonia in Japan

• Yamamoto Yoshihiro,Izumikawa Koichi,Morinaga Yoshitomo,Nakamura Shigeki,Kurihara Shintaro,Imamura Yoshifumi,Miyazaki Taiga,Tsukamoto Misuzu,Kakeya Hiroshi,Yanagihara Katsunori,Yasuoka Akira,Kohno Shigeru
• Journal of Infection
• … hence, it is more likely to be caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and anaerobes involved in aspiration pneumonia. … We compared the efficacy and safety of initial empiric therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ, 13.5 g/day) with that of meropenem (MEPM, 1.5 g/day) as single broad-spectrum regimens with gram-negative and anaerobic coverage in patients with HCAP in Japan. …
• NAID 120005323724

• Bacterial Pleuritis with Thickened Mesothelial Hyperplasia in a Young Beagle Dog

• Yamada Naoaki,Hashimoto Satomi,Tomonari Yuki [他],KOKOSHIMA Hiroko,DOI Takuya,SATO Junko,WAKO Yumi,TSUCHITANI Minoru
• Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 26(3), 313-317, 2013
• … The flecks consisted of gram-negative filamentous or small bacillary (coccoid) bacteria. … In the right posterior lobe of the lung, neutrophilic infiltration and a large encapsulated abscess including a bacterial colony were present. … We diagnosed this case as "bacterial pleuritis with thickened mesothelial hyperplasia". … The cause of the pleuritis might be a chronic pleural infection spread via the lung abscess. …
• NAID 130003382449

Related Links

• CDC - Gram-negative Bacteria Infections in Healthcare ...

General Information about gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria cause infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis in healthcare settings. Gram ...

• Gram-negative Bacteria - National Institute of Allergy and ...

NIAID supports basic, translational and clinical research on gram-negative bacteria to develop new and effective drugs and other treatments ... Gram-negative Bacteria The Gram stain test, developed in the 1800s by Hans ...

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「infection」「negative」「bacterial」「Gram-negative bacterial infection」「bacterial infection」

「infection」

　　[★]

• n.

• 感染、伝染、感染症

関

contagion、infect、infectious disease、infestation、transmission、transmit

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「negative」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 陰性の、負の、ネガティブな、否定的な

関

cryptic、negatively、negativity

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「bacterial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 細菌性の、細菌の、細菌的な

関

bacteria、bacterially、bacterio、bacterium

　 　

「Gram-negative bacterial infection」

　　[★]

• グラム陰性細菌感染、グラム陰性細菌感染症、Gram陰性細菌感染症

「bacterial infection」

　　[★]

細菌感染症、菌感染症、細菌性感染症、細菌感染