name or recite the numbers in ascending order; "The toddler could count to 100"
the total number counted; "a blood count"
the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order; "the counting continued for several hours" (同)counting, numeration, enumeration, reckoning, tally
a nobleman (in various countries) having rank equal to a British earl
have faith or confidence in; "you can count on me to help you any time"; "Look to your friends for support"; "You can bet on that!"; "Depend on your family in times of crisis" (同)bet, depend, look, calculate, reckon
have weight; have import, carry weight; "It does not matter much" (同)matter, weigh
put into a group; "The academy counts several Nobel Prize winners among its members" (同)number
determine the number or amount of; "Can you count the books on your shelf?"; "Count your change" (同)number, enumerate, numerate
have a certain value or carry a certain weight; "each answer counts as three points"
include as if by counting; "I can count my colleagues in the opposition"
speak in response; "He countered with some very persuasive arguments"
a piece of leather forming the back of a shoe or boot; "a counter may be used to stiffen the material around the heel and to give support to the foot" (同)heel counter
a calculator that keeps a record of the number of times something happens (同)tabulator
(computer science) a register whose contents go through a regular series of states (usually states indicating consecutive integers)
game equipment (as a piece of wood, plastic, or ivory) used for keeping a count or reserving a space in various card or board games
table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted
a person who counts things
in the opposite direction; "run counter"
a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit
The auxiliary electrode, often also called the counter electrode, is an electrode used in a three electrode electrochemical cell for voltammetric analysis or other reactions in which an electric current is expected to flow.[1][2][3] The auxiliary electrode is distinct from the reference electrode, which establishes the electrical potential against which other potentials may be measured, and the working electrode, at which the cell reaction takes place.
In a two-electrode system, either a known current or potential is applied between the working and auxiliary electrodes and the other variable may be measured. The auxiliary electrode functions as a cathode whenever the working electrode is operating as an anode and vice versa. The auxiliary electrode often has a surface area much larger than that of the working electrode to ensure that the half-reaction occurring at the auxiliary electrode can occur fast enough so as not to limit the process at the working electrode.
When a three electrode cell is used to perform electroanalytical chemistry, the auxiliary electrode, along with the working electrode, provides a circuit over which current is either applied or measured. Here, the potential of the auxiliary electrode is usually not measured and is adjusted so as to balance the reaction occurring at the working electrode. This configuration allows the potential of the working electrode to be measured against a known reference electrode without compromising the stability of that reference electrode by passing current over it.
The auxiliary electrode may be isolated from the working electrode using a glass frit. Such isolation prevents any byproducts generated at the auxiliary electrode from contaminating the main test solution: for example, if a reduction is being performed at the working electrode in aqueous solution, oxygen may be evolved from the auxiliary electrode. Such isolation is crucial during the bulk electrolysis of a species which exhibits reversible redox behavior.
Auxiliary electrodes are often fabricated from electrochemically inert materials such as gold, platinum, or carbon.
See also
Electrochemical cell
Electrochemistry
Reference electrode
Voltammetry
Working electrode
References
^Kissinger, Peter; William R. Heineman (1996-01-23). Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded (2 ed.). CRC. ISBN 978-0-8247-9445-3.
^Bard, Allen J.; Larry R. Faulkner (2000-12-18). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2 ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-04372-0.
^Zoski, Cynthia G. (2007-02-07). Handbook of Electrochemistry. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-444-51958-0.
Sivanesan D, Kim HM, Sungho Y.SourceDepartment of Bio & Nano Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, 861-1 Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea.
Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications.Acta Crystallogr C.2013 Jun 15;69(Pt 6):584-7. doi: 10.1107/S0108270113009633. Epub 2013 May 10.
The title complex, [Rh(C10H15)Cl(C14H12N2O4)]Cl·2C4H5NO3, has been synthesized by a substitution reaction of the precursor [bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate]chlorido(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) chloride with NaOCH3. The Rh(III) cation is located in an Rh
Effect of co-existing ions during the preparation of alumina by electrolysis with aluminum soluble electrodes: Structure and defluoridation activity of electro-synthesized adsorbents.
Tchomgui-Kamga E, Audebrand N, Darchen A.SourceUMR CNRS n°6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ENSCR, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837 - 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé-I, BP 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon. Electronic address: etchomgui@yahoo.fr.
Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2013 Jun 15;254-255:125-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.044. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
The electrochemical dissolution of aluminum was carried out to prepare hydrated aluminas which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical titrations and defluoridation activities. Aluminas were obtained at control
… The hydrogen charging current density was increased in step-wise manner until cracking was observed, and cracking was detected by optical observation and by monitoring voltage between the sample and a counterelectrode. …
… The application is particle measurement using Coulter's method, using the integrated local electrode on each pore. … Coulter's particle counter can achieve high resolution measurement; …
Reference electrode allows you to measure the potential of the working electrode with out passing current through it while counter (auxiliary) electrode allows you to pass current. If oxidation occurs at the working electrode ...
Technical note The role of Counter electrode For a system using a three-electrode potentiostat, we measured current when a potential is applied between the working electrode and the reference electrode. Passage of current through ...
electrolytic cell - a cell containing an electrolyte in which an applied voltage causes a reaction to occur that would not occur otherwise (such as the breakdown ... electron gun - the electrode that is the source of electrons in a ...