WordNet
- being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; "chronic indigestion"; "a chronic shortage of funds"; "a chronic invalid"
- of long duration; "chronic money problems" (同)continuing
- habitual; "a chronic smoker" (同)inveterate
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (病気が)長期にわたる,慢性の / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》常習の,癖になった
- 喉頭(こうとう)炎
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/29 02:50:41」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with pharyngitis.
For other uses, see Laryngitis (disambiguation).
| Laryngitis |
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Endoscopic image of inflamed larynx caused by acid reflux.
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
Otorhinolaryngology |
| ICD-10 |
J04.0, J37.0 |
| ICD-9-CM |
464.0-464.4, 476.0-476.1 |
| DiseasesDB |
29347 |
| MedlinePlus |
001385 |
| eMedicine |
ent/353 ent/354 |
| Patient UK |
Laryngitis |
| MeSH |
D007827 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or temporary complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords). Dysphonia is the medical term for a vocal disorder, of which laryngitis is one cause.
Laryngitis is categorised as acute if it lasts less than three weeks and chronic if it last over three weeks. The chronic form occurs mostly in middle age and is much more common in men than women. Antibiotics do not appear to be very useful in the acute form.[1]
Contents
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Causes
- 2.1 Noninfectious
- 2.2 Infectious
- 3 Diagnosis
- 4 Treatment
- 5 Prognosis
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Signs and symptoms
- Dry, sore, burning throat
- Coughing, both a causing factor and symptom of laryngitis
- Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
- Sensation of swelling in the area of the larynx
- Cold or flu-like symptoms (which, like a cough, may also be the causal factor for laryngitis)
- Swollen lymph nodes in the throat, chest, or face
- Fever
- Coughing out blood
- shortness of breath, predominantly in children
- Increased production of saliva.
In early stages, erythema (reddening) and edema of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids and ventricular folds occurs. In late stages, the vocal folds and subglottic structures are also involved. There are sticky secretions between cords and in interarytenoid region. Sometimes, submucous hemorrhage is seen, especially in case of vocal abuse. Acute membranous laryngitis, a condition resembling acute membranous tonsillitis, is caused by pyogenic nonspecific organisms. It has to be differentiated from laryngeal diphtheria. In some cases tightening of the chest may be present due to COPD or other relevant breathing disorder.
Causes
Laryngitis can be infectious as well as noninfectious in origin. Chronic laryngitis also may be caused by more severe problems, such as nerve damage, sores, polyps, or hard and thick lumps (nodules) on the vocal cords. [2]
Noninfectious
- Acid reflux disease, resulting in laryngitis gastrica
- Allergies
- Excessive or chronic coughing,[citation needed] smoking, or alcohol consumption.
- Inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords[3][4][5][6][7]
- Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment
- Thermal or chemical burns
- Laryngeal trauma, including iatrogenic one caused by endotracheal intubation
Infectious
- Viral laryngitis can be caused by rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, coronavirus, and RSV.
- Bacterial laryngitis can be caused by group A streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, C. diphtheriae, M. catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, bacillus anthracis, and M. tuberculosis. Bacterial infections usually follow pre-existing viral infection.
- Fungal laryngitis can be caused by Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Candida (especially in immunocompromised persons), and rarely by Cryptococcus and Coccidioides.
Laryngitis can occasionally lead to pneumonia, either viral pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia.
Diagnosis
- Acute laryngitis
- Chronic laryngitis
- Granulomatous laryngitis
- Pseudomyxomatous laryngitis
Treatment
- General measures: Voice rest is important.[8] Steam inhalations with tincture of benzoin or oil of pine or eucalyptus help loosen secretions.[medical citation needed] Cough suppressants are sometimes given to reduce cough. For a severely inflamed larynx, a humidifier or vaporizer is used to moisten the air inhaled by person.
- If laryngitis is caused by gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-inhibitor (such as ranitidine) or proton-pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) is used to reduce gastric acid secretions.
- If laryngitis is caused by thermal or chemical burns, steroids are used.
- In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids is helpful.
- If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection, appropriate antibiotic or antifungal therapy is given.
- If persistent hoarseness or loss of voice (dysphonia) is a result of vocal cord nodules, physicians may recommend a course of treatment that may include a surgical procedure and/or speech therapy.
Antibiotics do not appear to be very useful.[1]
Prognosis
Most cases of laryngitis are viral and resolve without treatment with sufficient voice rest. Laryngitis, hoarseness, or breathiness that lasts for more than two weeks may signal a voice disorder and should be followed up with a voice pathologist. This is typically a vocology certified SLP (speech language pathologist) or a laryngologist (voice specialized ENT).
References
- ^ a b Reveiz, L; Cardona, AF (23 May 2015). "Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 5: CD004783. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004783.pub5. PMID 26002823.
- ^ Tamparo, Carol (2011). Fifth Edition: Diseases of the Human Body. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-8036-2505-1.
- ^ Titze IR, Lemke J, Montequin D (1997). "Populations in the U.S. workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report". J Voice 11 (3): 254–9. doi:10.1016/S0892-1997(97)80002-1. PMID 9297668.
- ^ Popolo PS, Svec JG, Titze IR (2005). "Adaptation of a Pocket PC for use as a wearable voice dosimeter". J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 48 (4): 780–91. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/054). PMID 16378473.
- ^ Titze IR, Hunter EJ, Svec JG (2007). "Voicing and silence periods in daily and weekly vocalizations of teachers". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (1): 469–78. doi:10.1121/1.2390676. PMID 17297801.
- ^ Nix J, Svec JG, Laukkanen AM, Titze IR (2007). "Protocol challenges for on-the-job voice dosimetry of teachers in the United States and Finland". J Voice 21 (4): 385–96. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.03.005. PMID 16678386.
- ^ Carroll T, Nix J, Hunter E, Emerich K, Titze I, Abaza M (2006). "Objective measurement of vocal fatigue in classical singers: a vocal dosimetry pilot study". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135 (4): 595–602. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.1268. PMID 17011424.
- ^ Laryngitis - Treatment NHS Choices
External links
- Laryngitis at DMOZ
- Mayo Clinic
- University of Maryland Medical Center
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Diseases of the respiratory system (J, 460–519)
|
|
Upper RT
(including URTIs,
common cold) |
|
Head
|
- sinuses
- Sinusitis
- nose
- Rhinitis
- Vasomotor rhinitis
- Atrophic rhinitis
- Hay fever
- Nasal polyp
- Rhinorrhea
- nasal septum
- Nasal septum deviation
- Nasal septum perforation
- Nasal septal hematoma
- tonsil
- Tonsillitis
- Adenoid hypertrophy
- Peritonsillar abscess
|
|
|
Neck
|
- pharynx
- Pharyngitis
- Strep throat
- Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- larynx
- Croup
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngeal cyst
- Laryngitis
- Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
- Laryngospasm
- vocal folds
- Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
- Vocal fold nodule
- Vocal cord paresis
- Vocal cord dysfunction
- epiglottis
- Epiglottitis
- trachea
- Tracheitis
- Tracheal stenosis
|
|
|
Lower RT/lung disease
(including LRTIs) |
|
Bronchial/
obstructive
|
- acute
- Acute bronchitis
- chronic
- COPD
- Chronic bronchitis
- Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Acute exacerbation of COPD
- Emphysema)
- Asthma (Status asthmaticus
- Aspirin-induced
- Exercise-induced
- Bronchiectasis
- unspecified
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchiolitis obliterans
- Diffuse panbronchiolitis
|
|
Interstitial/
restrictive
(fibrosis) |
External agents/
occupational
lung disease |
- Pneumoconiosis
- Asbestosis
- Baritosis
- Bauxite fibrosis
- Berylliosis
- Caplan's syndrome
- Chalicosis
- Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
- Siderosis
- Silicosis
- Talcosis
- Byssinosis
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Bagassosis
- Bird fancier's lung
- Farmer's lung
- Lycoperdonosis
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Other
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- ARDS
- Pulmonary edema
- Löffler's syndrome/Eosinophilic pneumonia
- Respiratory hypersensitivity
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Hamman-Rich syndrome
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Sarcoidosis
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Obstructive or
restrictive
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Pneumonia/
pneumonitis
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By pathogen
|
- Viral
- Bacterial
- Atypical bacterial
- Mycoplasma
- Legionnaires' disease
- Chlamydiae
- Fungal
- Parasitic
- noninfectious
- Chemical/Mendelson's syndrome
- Aspiration/Lipid
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By vector/route
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- Community-acquired
- Healthcare-associated
- Hospital-acquired
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By distribution
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IIP
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Other
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- Atelectasis
- circulatory
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary embolism
- Lung abscess
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Pleural cavity/
mediastinum |
|
Pleural disease
|
- Pneumothorax/Hemopneumothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Hemothorax
- Hydrothorax
- Chylothorax
- Empyema/pyothorax
- Malignant
- Fibrothorax
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Mediastinal disease
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- Mediastinitis
- Mediastinal emphysema
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|
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| Other/general |
- Respiratory failure
- Influenza
- SARS
- Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Inflammation
|
|
| Acute |
| Plasma derived mediators |
- Bradykinin
- complement
- coagulation
- Factor XII
- Plasmin
- Thrombin
|
|
| Cell derived mediators |
| preformed: |
- Lysosome granules
- biogenic amines
|
|
| synthesized on demand: |
- cytokines
- eicosanoids
- Leukotriene B4
- Prostaglandins
- Nitric oxide
- Kinins
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|
|
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| Chronic |
- Macrophage
- Epithelioid cell
- Giant cell
- Granuloma
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| Processes |
| Traditional: |
- Rubor
- Calor
- Tumor
- Dolor (pain)
- Functio laesa
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| Modern: |
- Acute-phase reaction/Fever
- Vasodilation
- Increased vascular permeability
- Exudate
- Leukocyte extravasation
- Chemotaxis
|
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| Specific locations |
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Anticholinergic Use Is a Major Risk Factor for Dysphonia.
- Haft S1, Farquhar D2, Carey R2, Mirza N2.
- The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.2015 Oct;124(10):797-802. doi: 10.1177/0003489415585867. Epub 2015 May 5.
- OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that many cases of dysphonia of unclear etiology are a form of sicca caused by anticholinergic medication use, and we aim to determine their association.STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a 6-month time period. Participants were drawn from a terti
- PMID 25944595
- PP-16 WEAK ACID REFLUX A TRIGGER FOR RECURRENT RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN.
- Kostovski A1, Zdraveska N.
- Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2015 Oct;61(4):527. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000472244.98097.fd.
- INTRODUCTION: The main advantage of multichannel intraluminar impedance (MII) compared with pH monitoring is its ability to detect both acid and non-acid gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and to determine the characteristics of reflux (liquid or gas).AIM: To compare the value of pH monitoring and MII fo
- PMID 26439581
- Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Laryngitis: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2010.
- Kim CS1, Lee SS, Han KD, Joo YH.
- Medicine.Medicine (Baltimore).2015 Oct;94(43):e1890. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001890.
- Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and/or mortality for various chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of chronic laryngitis (CL) with MetS and its components in a representative Korean population.Data from the Korean National
- PMID 26512606
Japanese Journal
- 当科音声外来１９年間の疾患分布と成年の音声機能検査成績の検討
- 耳鼻咽喉科感染症に対するsitafloxacinの有効性, 安全性および組織移行性
Related Links
- Laryngitis occurs when your voice box and vocal cords become swollen and irritated. This fairly common condition often causes hoarseness or loss of voice. ... People at risk for chronic laryngitis are tobacco smokers and people who ...
- Chronic laryngitis Laryngitis that lasts longer than three weeks is known as chronic laryngitis. This type of laryngitis is generally caused by exposure to irritants over time. Chronic laryngitis can cause vocal cord strain and injuries ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- chronic laryngitis
- ラ
- laryngitis chronica
- 同
- 慢性カタル喉頭炎, 慢性カタル性喉頭炎, chronic catarrhal laryngitis, laryngitis catarrhalis chronica
- 関
- 喉頭炎
[★]
- 関
- chronically、chronicity