同: 大脳脚,皮質脊髄路

WordNet

of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain (同)cerebral_peduncle

PrepTutorEJDIC

大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
花柄 / (クラゲ・エビなどの)柄

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/01 13:40:39」(JST)

wiki en

The cerebral peduncles are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the front of the pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons. Mainly, the three common areas that give rise to the cerebral peduncles are the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord and the cerebellum.^[1] The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum.^{[citation needed]} The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known as the basis pedunculi, while the large ventral bundle of efferent fibers is referred to as the crus cerebri or the pes pedunculi.

The cerebral peduncles are located on either side of the mid brain and are the most anterior part of the midbrain, and act as the connectors between the rest of the midbrain and the thalamic nuclei and thus the cerebrum. As a whole, the cerebral peduncles assists in refining motor movements, learning of new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance.^[2]^[3] Important fiber tracts that run through the cerebral peduncles are: cortico-spinal, cortico-pontine, and cortico-bulbar tracts.

Damage to the cerebral peduncles results in unrefined motor skills, imbalance, and lack of proprioception.^[4]

Structure

The descending upper fibers from the internal capsule continue on through the midbrain and are then seen as the fibers in the cerebral peduncles.^[5] The cortico-pontine fibers are found in the outer and inner third of the cerebral peduncle, these are the cortical input to the pontine nuclei.^[6] The cortico-bulbar and cortico-spinal fibers are found in the middle third of the cerebral peduncle.^[7] The cortico-spinal tract exits the internal capsule and is seen in the mid portion of the cerebral peduncles.

Cranial nerves

Cranial nerve 3 (oculomotor nerve) appears ventrally between the two cerebral peduncles in the interpeduncular fossa. Cranial nerve 4 (trochlear nerve) wraps around the lowest part of the cerebral peduncle.^[8]

Additional images

Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Dissection showing the projection fibers of the cerebellum.
Median sagittal section of brain.
The left optic nerve and the optic tracts.
Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.
Human brainstem anterior view

References

^ Saladin, Kenneth (2010), Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
^ Swenson, Rand. Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience (online ed.). Chapter 8B - Cerebellar Systems: Swenson 2006.
^ HENDELMAN, WALTER J. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (PDF). CRC Press LLC. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ "Cerebral Peduncle Anatomy". Healthline. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ HENDELMAN, WALTER J. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (PDF). CRC Press LLC. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ HENDELMAN, WALTER J. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (PDF). CRC Press LLC. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ HENDELMAN, WALTER J. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (PDF). CRC Press LLC. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
^ HENDELMAN, WALTER J. Atlas of Functional Neuroanatomy (PDF). CRC Press LLC. Retrieved 26 November 2015.

External links

Diagram
Diagram
Photo
NIF Search - Cerebral Peduncle^{[permanent dead link]} via the Neuroscience Information Framework

UpToDate Contents

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2. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
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4. 悪性中大脳動脈領域梗塞に対する減圧開頭術 decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery territory infarction
5. 動脈瘤性くも膜下出血の治療 treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

English Journal

Aging in deep gray matter and white matter revealed by diffusional kurtosis imaging.

Gong NJ1, Wong CS2, Chan CC3, Leung LM4, Chu YC5.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Oct;35(10):2203-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.011. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
Diffusion tensor imaging has already been extensively used to probe microstructural alterations in white matter tracts, and scarcely, in deep gray matter. However, results in literature regarding age-related degenerative mechanisms in white matter tracts and parametric changes in the putamen are inc
PMID 24910392

Longitudinal study of diffusion tensor imaging properties of affected cortical spinal tracts in acute and chronic hemorrhagic stroke.

Ma C1, Liu A1, Li Z1, Zhou X2, Zhou S3.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2014 Aug;21(8):1388-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.11.032. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
This study investigated the clinical value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in predicting the motor outcome in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. This prospective study included 23 patients assessed with DTI to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) value in affected cortical spinal tract (CST
PMID 24746110

Development of cerebellar connectivity in human fetal brains revealed by high angular resolution diffusion tractography.

Takahashi E1, Hayashi E2, Schmahmann JD3, Grant PE4.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Aug 1;96:326-33. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.022. Epub 2014 Mar 17.
High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography has provided insights into major white matter pathways and cortical development in the human fetal cerebrum. Our objective in this study was to further apply HARDI tracography to the developing human cerebellum ranging from fetal to adul
PMID 24650603

Japanese Journal

脳底動脈の窓形成部に生じたアテローム血栓性脳梗塞の1 例

脳卒中, 2017
NAID 130006078568

耳下腺炎を契機に発症し，脳病変のみを反復したシェーグレン症候群合併視神経脊髄炎関連疾患の1例

臨床神経学 57(2), 77-81, 2017
NAID 130005399553

Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Brain Parenchyma with IgG4 Hypergammaglobulinemia

Internal Medicine 55(14), 1911-1916, 2016
NAID 130005164996

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「大脳脚」「tegmentum mesencephali」「crus cerebri」
関連記事	「cerebral」「peduncle」

「大脳脚」

Cerebral peduncle
	Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view. ("Cerebral peduncle" visible in red at center-right.)
	Section through superior colliculus showing path of oculomotor nerve. (Crus cerebri labeled at lower left.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	pedunculus cerebri
MeSH	A08.186.211.132.659
NeuroNames	hier-478
NeuroLex ID	Central peduncle
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]