WordNet

a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein (同)accessory hemiazygous vein, vena hemiazygos accessoria
make a veinlike pattern
any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ (同)nervure
one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect (同)nervure
a layer of ore between layers of rock (同)mineral vein
a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; "all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood" (同)vena, venous blood vessel
a distinctive style or manner; "he continued in this vein for several minutes"
having or showing markings that resemble veins (同)venose, veinlike

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『静脈』 / 〈C〉(植物の)葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈;(石の)石理;(木の)木目 / 〈C〉岩脈,鉱脈 / 〈U〉《しばしば a vein》(…の)傾向,性質《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《the vein》(…に対する)気分,気持ち《+for+名(doing)》
しも(筋)のある,筋のついた
(葉・昆虫の羽などの)脈模様,すじ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/26 15:44:18」(JST)

wiki en

The azygos vein is a vein running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked.^[2]^[3]

Structure

The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein. The anatomy of this blood vessel can be quite variable. In some rare variations for example, it also drains thoracic veins, bronchial veins and even gonadal veins. The vein is so named because it has no symmetrically equivalent vein on the left side of the body.

It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending in the posterior mediastinum, and arching over the right main bronchus posteriorly at the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava. This "arch of the azygos vein" (arcus venae azygos) is an important anatomic landmark. As an anatomical variation in 1-2% of the population, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung.

A major tributary is the hemiazygos vein, a similar structure on the opposite side of the vertebral column. Other tributaries include the bronchial veins, pericardial veins, and posterior right intercostal veins. It communicates with the vertebral venous plexuses.

Azygos venous system

The azygos system of veins is considered to be the azygos vein, along with its left-sided counterparts, the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein.

Etymology

The Greek root zyg refers to a pair. 'A-' means not. Thus, azygos means unpaired. The azygos vein is unpaired in that there is only one in the body, mostly on the right side. While there is the hemiazygos vein and its accessory on the left side of the body, they are considered tributaries of the azygos vein rather than its left-side equivalent.

This terminology is only accurate in some species, such as the human, dog and cat. Ruminants (such as sheep and cows) have paired azygos veins

Imaging

Azygos vein abnormalities can be inferenced on chest radiograph by enlargement of the azygos vein shadow greater than 1 cm. False positives can occur in heart failure causing increased pressures on the right side of the heart, or adjacent lymphadenopathy.^[4]

Additional images

Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins.
Transverse section of thorax at about CC3, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart.
The venæ cavæ and azygos veins, with their tributaries.
The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts.
Mediastinal surface of right lung.
Azygos vein
Azygos vein

References

^ Edward Lamperti; Michael Schuenke; Erik Schulte; Udo Schumacher; Ross, Lawrence J. (2006). General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System (Thieme Atlas of Anatomy). Thieme Publishing Group. p. 13. ISBN 3-13-142081-2.
^ http://www.clinicalimaging.org/article/S0899-7071%2899%2900141-2/abstract
^ http://library.prognosisapp.com/case/Emergency/Superior-Vena-Cava-Syndrome
^ Berman, Gerald de Lacey, Simon Morley, Laurence (2008). The chest X-ray : a survival guide. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0702030468.

External links

Anatomy figure: 19:03-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Right side of the mediastinum."
Dissection at lumc.edu
Radiology at umich.edu
Function at Knowyourbody.net

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肺発達異常の放射線学的所見 radiographic appearance of developmental anomalies of the lung
2. 静脈血栓塞栓症の患者における理論的根拠と無期限の抗凝固の適応 rationale and indications for indefinite anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism
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4. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の治療 treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome
5. Preoperative portal vein embolization

English Journal

Shunting Between the CVC and Both the Azygos Vein and Thoracic Duct in a Dog with CTD.

Bernardin F, Freulon AL, Rigaud R, Ribas T, Jaillardon L, Chervier C, Chuzel T, Viguier E, Pariaut R, Bublot I.SourceDepartment of Companion Animals, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, France.
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association.J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.2013 Jan 16. [Epub ahead of print]
A 5 mo old female rottweiler was referred for evaluation of a suspected congenital heart disease. Clinical signs included anorexia, exercise intolerance, and severe loss of body condition. Clinical examination revealed dyspnea, pale mucous membranes, and weak femoral pulses. Pleural and abdominal ef
PMID 23325592

Altered collagen expression in jugular veins in multiple sclerosis.

Coen M, Menegatti E, Salvi F, Mascoli F, Zamboni P, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML.SourceDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology.Cardiovasc Pathol.2013 Jan;22(1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 Jul 5.
INTRODUCTION: Venous abnormalities have been associated with different neurological conditions, and the presence of a vascular involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been anticipated. In view of the recent debate regarding the existence of cerebral venous outflow impairment in MS due to abn
PMID 22770861

Portopulmonary Venous Anastomosis Detected at Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices.

Miura H, Yamagami T, Tanaka O, Yoshimatsu R.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-chyou, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. Received July 6, 2012; final revision received September 13, 2012; accepted September 15, 2012. Electronic address: miurak@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR.J Vasc Interv Radiol.2013 Jan;24(1):131-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.09.013.
The present report describes three patients with portopulmonary venous anastomosis (PPVA) in whom balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) of gastric varices was attempted. No patients had a gastrorenal shunt. In one patient, after an approach from the inferior phrenic vein (IPV)
PMID 23273702

Japanese Journal

Successful Use of Mediastinal Repositioning Employing PTFE Sheet for Right-Sided Post-Pneumonectomy Syndrome

Chujo Masao,Anami Kentaro,Kawahara Katsunobu
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2013
… Mediastinal fixation involved a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) sheet which was sewn on the sternum and costal cartilage anteriorly, on the vertebra posteriorly, and covered the azygos vein level superiorly and two thirds of the pericardium inferiorly using nonabsorbable sutures. …
NAID 130003377800

Computed Tomography Angiography of Situs Inversus, Portosystemic Shunt and Multiple Vena Cava Anomalies in a Dog

OUI Heejin,KIM Jisun,BAE Yeonho,OH Juyeon,PARK Seungjo,LEE Gahyun,HOON Jeonsung,CHOI Jihye
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2013
… On computed tomography (CT), the distended portal vein drained into the left hepatic vein. … Cranial to this, the azygos continuation of the CdVC was confirmed. …
NAID 130003362247

肺動脈より血液供給された肺葉外肺分画症の1例 : 本邦報告例の検討

鎌田稔子,吉田成利,星野英久,岡本龍郎,鈴木実,吉野一郎
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 26(4), 428-432, 2012-05-15
症例は16歳女性．胸部異常陰影を指摘され，CTで右縦隔腫瘍が疑われ当科紹介．320列area detector CT心電同期撮影法で右肺動脈から腫瘤に流入する異常血管と上大静脈への還流血管が確認され肺葉外肺分画症を疑い手術を施行した．分画肺は縦隔側に存在し，縦隔胸膜の一部は欠損していた．右主肺動脈より3本の細い流入動脈と，奇静脈および上大静脈に還流する数本の静脈を処理して分画肺を摘出した．肺動脈よ …
NAID 10030435705

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「門脈」「奇静脈」「vena azygos」
関連記事	「vein」

「門脈」

Azygos vein
	Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries. (Vena azygos labeled at center.)
	POSTERIOR VIEW: The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind. (Azygos vein labeled at bottom left.)
Details
Precursor	Right supracardinal vein
Source	superior intercostal vein
Drains to	superior vena cava
Identifiers
Latin	vena azygos
MeSH	A07.231.908.106
Dorlands; /Elsevier	v_05/12849551
TA	A12.3.07.001
FMA	4838
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: portal vein PV
ラ: vena portae hepatis, vena portae

KH. 149,153,164

門脈の側副路

-門脈＆側副路
KH. 154
-門脈系の側副循環路
KH. 249
-門脈の側副路(門脈大静脈吻合)
N.302

側副路

1. 食道　：left gastric vein - esophageal venous plexus - azygos vein, hemiazygos vein
2. 臍傍　：paraumbilical vein - superior epigastric vein, inferior epigastric vein
3. 直腸　：superior rectal vein - middle rectal vein, inferior rectal vein
4. 腹膜後：colic vein, splenic vein - renal vein, veins of the posterior body wall

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

臨床関連

門脈閉塞

「奇静脈」

　　[★]

英: azygos vein (Z)
ラ: vena azygos
同: 右縦胸静脈 vena thoracica longitudinalis dextra
関: 半奇静脈、副半奇静脈、上行腰静脈、上大静脈; 門脈

図：N.226(奇静脈弓),234
右上行腰静脈に始まり、大動脈裂孔を経て胸椎の前面を上行し、T4椎体のあたりで奇静脈弓をなし右肺の肺根を前方に乗り越えて上大静脈と合流する (K.316 N.226)