WordNet

be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
a sound or television recording (e.g., from a broadcast to a tape recording)
something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation (同)written text
the 19th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)s

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
〈U〉(…を)書き写す(書き直す)こと,(…の)転写,謄写《+of+名》 / 〈C〉写し(書き直し)[たもの] / 〈U〉〈C〉編曲[されたもの] / 〈U〉〈C〉(ラジオ・テレビの)録音(録画)
sulfurの化学記号 / {略}South[ern]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/21 14:19:49」(JST)

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Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.^[1]

Function[edit]

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.^[1]

In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome.

Structure[edit]

SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDA. The SP1 transcription factor contains a zinc finger protein motif, by which it binds directly to DNA and enhances gene transcription. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys₂/His₂ type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element).

Applications[edit]

Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.^[2]

Inhibitors[edit]

Withaferin A, a sterodial lactone from Withania Somnifera plant is known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor.^[3]

Interactions[edit]

Sp1 transcription factor has been shown to interact with:

AATF,^[4]
CEBPB,^[5]^[6]
COL1A1, ^[7]
E2F1,^[8]^[9]^[10]
GABPA,^[11]
HDAC1,^[4]^[12]^[13]^[14]
HDAC2,^[13]^[14]^[15]
HMGA1,^[6]
HCFC1,^[16]^[17]
HTT,^[18]
KLF6,^[19]
MEF2C,^[20]
MEF2D,^[21]
MSX1,^[22]
Myogenin,^[23]
POU2F1,^[24]^[16]
PPP1R13L,^[25]
PSMC5,^[26]^[27]
PML,^[28]
RELA,^[29]^[30]
SMAD3,^[31]^[32]
SUMO1,^[26]
SF1,^[33]
TAL1,^[34] and
UBC.^[26]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: Sp1 transcription factor".
^ Wormke M, Stoner M, Saville B, Walker K, Abdelrahim M, Burghardt R, Safe S (March 2003). "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates degradation of estrogen receptor alpha through activation of proteasomes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 1843–55. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1843-1855.2003. PMC 149455. PMID 12612060. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Prasanna KS, Shilpa P, Salimath BP (2009). "Withaferin A suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells via Sp1 transcription". Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy 3 (2): 138–148.
^ ^a ^b Di Padova M, Bruno T, De Nicola F, Iezzi S, D'Angelo C, Gallo R, Nicosia D, Corbi N, Biroccio A, Floridi A, Passananti C, Fanciulli M (2003). "Che-1 arrests human colon carcinoma cell proliferation by displacing HDAC1 from the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (38): 36496–504. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306694200. PMID 12847090.
^ Liu YW, Tseng HP, Chen LC, Chen BK, Chang WC (2003). "Functional cooperation of simian virus 40 promoter factor 1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and delta in lipopolysaccharide-induced gene activation of IL-10 in mouse macrophages". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 821–8. PMID 12847250.
^ ^a ^b Foti D, Iuliano R, Chiefari E, Brunetti A (2003). "A nucleoprotein complex containing Sp1, C/EBP beta, and HMGI-Y controls human insulin receptor gene transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (8): 2720–32. PMC 152545. PMID 12665574.
^ Li L, Artlett CM, Jimenez SA, Hall DJ, Varga J (1995). "Positive regulation of human alpha 1 (I) collagen promoter activity by transcription factor Sp1". Gene 164 (2): 229–234. PMID 7590335.
^ Lin SY, Black AR, Kostic D, Pajovic S, Hoover CN, Azizkhan JC (1996). "Cell cycle-regulated association of E2F1 and Sp1 is related to their functional interaction". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (4): 1668–75. PMC 231153. PMID 8657142.
^ Rotheneder H, Geymayer S, Haidweger E (1999). "Transcription factors of the Sp1 family: interaction with E2F and regulation of the murine thymidine kinase promoter". J. Mol. Biol. 293 (5): 1005–15. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3213. PMID 10547281.
^ Karlseder J, Rotheneder H, Wintersberger E (1996). "Interaction of Sp1 with the growth- and cell cycle-regulated transcription factor E2F". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (4): 1659–67. PMC 231152. PMID 8657141.
^ Galvagni F, Capo S, Oliviero S (2001). "Sp1 and Sp3 physically interact and co-operate with GABP for the activation of the utrophin promoter". J. Mol. Biol. 306 (5): 985–96. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4335. PMID 11237613.
^ Singh J, Murata K, Itahana Y, Desprez PY (2002). "Constitutive expression of the Id-1 promoter in human metastatic breast cancer cells is linked with the loss of NF-1/Rb/HDAC-1 transcription repressor complex". Oncogene 21 (12): 1812–22. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205252. PMID 11896613.
^ ^a ^b Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2002). "Silencing of transcription of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene by histone deacetylase-mSin3A complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33431–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204417200. PMID 12091390.
^ ^a ^b Sun JM, Chen HY, Moniwa M, Litchfield DW, Seto E, Davie JR (2002). "The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39): 35783–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200378200. PMID 12176973.
^ Won J, Yim J, Kim TK (2002). "Sp1 and Sp3 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in normal human somatic cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (41): 38230–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206064200. PMID 12151407.
^ ^a ^b Gunther M, Laithier M, Brison O (2000). "A set of proteins interacting with transcription factor Sp1 identified in a two-hybrid screening". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 210 (1-2): 131–42. PMID 10976766.
^ Wysocka J, Myers MP, Laherty CD, Eisenman RN, Herr W (2003). "Human Sin3 deacetylase and trithorax-related Set1/Ash2 histone H3-K4 methyltransferase are tethered together selectively by the cell-proliferation factor HCF-1". Genes Dev. 17 (7): 896–911. doi:10.1101/gad.252103. PMC 196026. PMID 12670868.
^ Li SH, Cheng AL, Zhou H, Lam S, Rao M, Li H, Li XJ (2002). "Interaction of Huntington disease protein with transcriptional activator Sp1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (5): 1277–87. PMC 134707. PMID 11839795.
^ Botella LM, Sánchez-Elsner T, Sanz-Rodriguez F, Kojima S, Shimada J, Guerrero-Esteo M, Cooreman MP, Ratziu V, Langa C, Vary CP, Ramirez JR, Friedman S, Bernabéu C (2002). "Transcriptional activation of endoglin and transforming growth factor-beta signaling components by cooperative interaction between Sp1 and KLF6: their potential role in the response to vascular injury". Blood 100 (12): 4001–10. doi:10.1182/blood.V100.12.4001. PMID 12433697.
^ Krainc D, Bai G, Okamoto S, Carles M, Kusiak JW, Brent RN, Lipton SA (1998). "Synergistic activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 promoter by myocyte enhancer factor 2C and Sp1". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 26218–24. PMID 9748305.
^ Park SY, Shin HM, Han TH (2002). "Synergistic interaction of MEF2D and Sp1 in activation of the CD14 promoter". Mol. Immunol. 39 (1-2): 25–30. PMID 12213324.
^ Shetty S, Takahashi T, Matsui H, Ayengar R, Raghow R (1999). "Transcriptional autorepression of Msx1 gene is mediated by interactions of Msx1 protein with a multi-protein transcriptional complex containing TATA-binding protein, Sp1 and cAMP-response-element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP/p300)". Biochem. J. 339 ( Pt 3): 751–8. PMC 1220213. PMID 10215616.
^ Biesiada E, Hamamori Y, Kedes L, Sartorelli V (1999). "Myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins and Sp1 interact as components of a multiprotein transcriptional complex required for activity of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (4): 2577–84. PMC 84050. PMID 10082523.
^ Ström AC, Forsberg M, Lillhager P, Westin G (1996). "The transcription factors Sp1 and Oct-1 interact physically to regulate human U2 snRNA gene expression". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (11): 1981–6. PMC 145891. PMID 8668525.
^ Takada N, Sanda T, Okamoto H, Yang JP, Asamitsu K, Sarol L, Kimura G, Uranishi H, Tetsuka T, Okamoto T (2002). "RelA-associated inhibitor blocks transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by inhibiting NF-kappaB and Sp1 actions". J. Virol. 76 (16): 8019–30. PMC 155123. PMID 12134007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wang YT, Chuang JY, Shen MR, Yang WB, Chang WC, Hung JJ (2008). "Sumoylation of specificity protein 1 augments its degradation by changing the localization and increasing the specificity protein 1 proteolytic process". J. Mol. Biol. 380 (5): 869–85. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.043. PMID 18572193.
^ Su K, Yang X, Roos MD, Paterson AJ, Kudlow JE (2000). "Human Sug1/p45 is involved in the proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1". Biochem. J. 348 Pt 2: 281–9. PMC 1221064. PMID 10816420.
^ Vallian S, Chin KV, Chang KS (1998). "The promyelocytic leukemia protein interacts with Sp1 and inhibits its transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor promoter". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (12): 7147–56. PMC 109296. PMID 9819401.
^ Kuang PP, Berk JL, Rishikof DC, Foster JA, Humphries DE, Ricupero DA, Goldstein RH (2002). "NF-kappaB induced by IL-1beta inhibits elastin transcription and myofibroblast phenotype". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 283 (1): C58–65. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00314.2001. PMID 12055073.
^ Sif S, Gilmore TD (1994). "Interaction of the v-Rel oncoprotein with cellular transcription factor Sp1". J. Virol. 68 (11): 7131–8. PMC 237152. PMID 7933095.
^ Botella LM, Sánchez-Elsner T, Rius C, Corbí A, Bernabéu C (2001). "Identification of a critical Sp1 site within the endoglin promoter and its involvement in the transforming growth factor-beta stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (37): 34486–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011611200. PMID 11432852.
^ Poncelet AC, Schnaper HW (2001). "Sp1 and Smad proteins cooperate to mediate transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced alpha 2(I) collagen expression in human glomerular mesangial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (10): 6983–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006442200. PMID 11114293.
^ Sugawara T, Saito M, Fujimoto S (2000). "Sp1 and SF-1 interact and cooperate in the regulation of human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression". Endocrinology 141 (8): 2895–903. PMID 10919277.
^ Lécuyer E, Herblot S, Saint-Denis M, Martin R, Begley CG, Porcher C, Orkin SH, Hoang T (2002). "The SCL complex regulates c-kit expression in hematopoietic cells through functional interaction with Sp1". Blood 100 (7): 2430–40. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0568. PMID 12239153.

External links[edit]

Sp1 Transcription Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
FactorBook SP1

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

UpToDate Contents

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The immediate-early protein (IEP) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) has extensive homology to the IEP of alphaherpesviruses and possesses domains essential for trans-activation, including an acidic trans-activation domain (TAD) and binding domains for DNA, TFIIB, and TBP. Our data showed that the IEP
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SP1 and USF differentially regulate ADAMTS1 gene expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in hepatoma cells.

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Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) are transcription factors (TF) that are involved in regulating progesterone receptor (PR) gene expression through cooperative interactions with DNA. The natural composite DNA +571 ERE/Sp1 site in promoter A of the progesterone receptor cont
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Japanese Journal

Role of the transcription factor Sp1 in regulating the expression of the murine cathepsin E gene

Okamoto Kuniaki,Okamoto Yoshiko,Kawakubo Tomoyo [他]
Journal of Biochemistry 151(3), 263-272, 2012-03
NAID 40019185951

Gene Expression Associated with DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity under Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Reoxygenation

TSUCHIMOTO Tadashi,SAKATA Koh-ichi,SOMEYA Masanori,YAMAMOTO Hiroyuki,HIRAYAMA Ryoichi,MATSUMOTO Yoshihisa,FURUSAWA Yoshiya,HAREYAMA Masato
Journal of radiation research 52(4), 464-471, 2011-07-16
… In order to elucidate the mechanism of concerted expression of various proteins related to DNA-PK activity, we examined the relationship of the expression of these proteins with that of a transcription factor Sp1. … We also explored whether the expression of genes related to DNA-PK activity and Sp1 changed after hypoxia and reoxygenation. …
NAID 10029122194

「転写因子Sp1」

Sp1 transcription factor
	; NMR structure of the SP1 DNA-binding motif.; PDB rendering based on 1sp1.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1SP1, 1SP2, 1VA1, 1VA2, 1VA3
Identifiers
Symbol	SP1
External IDs	OMIM: 189906 MGI: 98372 HomoloGene: 8276 ChEMBL: 6103 GeneCards: SP1 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding; • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding; • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription; • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding; • DNA binding; • double-stranded DNA binding; • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; • protein binding; • protein C-terminus binding; • transcription factor binding; • zinc ion binding; • histone acetyltransferase binding; • enhancer binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • histone deacetylase binding; • bHLH transcription factor binding; • sequence-specific DNA binding; • transcription regulatory region DNA binding; • HMG box domain binding;
Cellular component	• nucleus; • nucleoplasm; • nucleolus; • cytoplasm; • protein-DNA complex;
Biological process	• ossification; • trophectodermal cell differentiation; • liver development; • embryonic placenta development; • transcription, DNA-dependent; • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway; • gene expression; • virus-host interaction; • megakaryocyte differentiation; • lung development; • enucleate erythrocyte differentiation; • positive regulation by host of viral transcription; • cellular lipid metabolic process; • small molecule metabolic process; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis; • embryonic skeletal system development; • embryonic process involved in female pregnancy; • definitive hemopoiesis;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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