関: Magnolia bark

WordNet

the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal

PrepTutorEJDIC

(内臓,特に脳の)皮質 / (植物の)皮層;樹皮

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1. 副腎の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the adrenal glands
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4. 原発性副腎不全（アジソン病）の原因 causes of primary adrenal insufficiency addisons disease
5. 脳卒中の心合併症 cardiac complications of stroke

English Journal

Study on spectrum-effect relationship of rhizoma Rhei, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, fructus Aurantii Immaturus and their formula.

Xie RF, Zhou X, Shi ZN, Li YM, Li ZC.Author information Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.AbstractRhizoma Rhei, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and fructus Aurantii Immaturus compose dachengqi tang (DCQT), a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is used for acute intestinal obstruction and has been proven to be effective and economic. However, the ingredients of TCM are complicated, and it is unclear which ingredients are the most important for its effects. In this paper, the relationship between the spectra and effects is discussed to provide a powerful method and some insights into the quality control of the herbs and their formula. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprint analysis was performed to investigate the chemical structures in different batches of rhizoma Rhei, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, fructus Aurantii Immaturus and DCQT. Hierarchical clustering analysis was employed to evaluate the similarities between fingerprints. Animal model of small intestinal propulsion was established to study the purgative functions of the herbs and DCQT. The relationship between the chemical ingredients and the effects was explored by regression analysis. HPLC fingerprint analysis results demonstrated variations between ingredients in different batches of rhizoma Rhei, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, fructus Aurantii Immaturus and DCQT. The origin, collection time and preparation process may have contributed to these differences. Small intestinal propulsion results showed that, compared with the control group, the positive and therapeutic groups including single herbs and formula were significantly effective (P < 0.05). Spectrum-effect relationship results indicated that seven peak ingredients, hesperidin, aloe-emodin, honokiol, rhein, magnolol, emodin and sennoside A, were inducted in the regression equation, among which, the influence of sennoside A was the largest and most positively associated with the effects. The data analysis results indicated that many ingredients contributed to the purgative effects, among which, sennoside A might be the most important effective component; therefore, sennoside A should be determined for quality control. Furthermore, the spectrum-effect relationship is simple, operative and suitable for the quality evaluation of TCM.
Journal of chromatographic science.J Chromatogr Sci.2013 Jul;51(6):524-32. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bms172. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
Rhizoma Rhei, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and fructus Aurantii Immaturus compose dachengqi tang (DCQT), a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is used for acute intestinal obstruction and has been proven to be effective and economic. However, the ingredients of TCM are compl
PMID 23118210

Neuroprotective effects of neolignans isolated from Magnoliae Cortex against glutamate-induced apoptotic stimuli in HT22 cells.

Yang EJ, Lee JY, Park SH, Lee T, Song KS.Author information Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.AbstractIn the course of screening for neuroprotective natural products, Magnoliae Cortex showed potent inhibition of hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. Obovatol, honokiol, and magnolol were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Magnoliae Cortex. Isolated compounds obovatol, honokiol, and magnolol were protective against 5mM glutamate-induced cell death. When cells were stressed using glutamate, cell viability decreased to 16.98±4.58% over the control (100.00±10.15%). In contrast, 10 μM obovatol, 10 μM honokiol, and 50 μM magnolol increased cell viability to 91.80±1.70%, 93.59±1.93%, and 85.36±7.40%, respectively. The neuroprotective effects of obovatol and honokiol were attributable to the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species production, followed by protection of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), recovery of Bcl-2 and Bid levels, inhibition of apoptosis-inducing factor expression, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases such as p38 kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. On the contrary, magnolol did not show any significant effect on the ΔΨm and apoptotic factors. Among three compounds, obovatol most strongly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in glutamate-stressed HT22 cells. These data suggest that obovatol and honokiol may have clinical applications for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.Food Chem Toxicol.2013 Jun;56:304-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.035. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
In the course of screening for neuroprotective natural products, Magnoliae Cortex showed potent inhibition of hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell death. Obovatol, honokiol, and magnolol were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Magnoliae Cortex. Isolated compounds obovatol, honokiol, and magnolol were
PMID 23454146

Chemical profiling of the Chinese herb formula Xiao-Cheng-Qi Decoction using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Zhao HY, Fan MX, Wu X, Wang HJ, Yang J, Si N, Bian BL.Author information Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.AbstractAn approach was established to analyze the chemical profiling of Xiao-Cheng-Qi Decoction (XCQD) using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. XCQD consisted of three herbal medicines (Rhubarb, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis). The traditional water extractive method was applied in the sample preparation, which was identical with clinical use. The characteristic fragmentation pathways of 17 reference compounds were comprehensively studied, including precursors of tannins, flavonones, anthraquinones and lignan. In total, 71 constituents were identified or tentatively characterized based on their mass spectrometry fragmentations and chromatographic behaviors. By comparing their relative contents, flavanones and anthraquinones were supposed to be used together for the quality control of XCQD. Further pharmacology and pharmacokinetics investigations should be performed on the basis of the present chemical profiling study.
Journal of chromatographic science.J Chromatogr Sci.2013 Mar;51(3):273-85. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/bms138. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
An approach was established to analyze the chemical profiling of Xiao-Cheng-Qi Decoction (XCQD) using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. XCQD consisted of three herbal medicines (Rhubarb, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis).
PMID 22977122

Japanese Journal

生薬(厚朴・蘇葉・木香)のラットエタノール惹起性胃粘膜傷害に対する効果

宮一紗苗,市川尊文,五艘行信,石原和彦
潰瘍 = Ulcer research 38(2), 184-186, 2011-09-20
NAID 10029743018

Anti-clastogenic Effect of Magnolol-Containing Hange-koboku-to, Dai-joki-to, Goshaku-san, and Magnoliae Cortex on Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Clastogenicity in Mice

Saito Junichiro,Fukushima Hiroko,Nagase Hisamitsu
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 32(7), 1209-1214, 2009
… Here, we investigate the effects of the magnolol-containing kampo (traditional) medicines Hange-koboku-to, Dai-joki-to, and Goshaku-san, as well as Magnoliae Cortex, on the clastogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) using the mouse micronucleus test. … The mice were first treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of B(a)P, followed by a single oral dose of Hange-koboku-to, Dai-joki-to, Goshaku-san, or Magnoliae Cortex. …
NAID 130000117219

Inhibitory Effects of Magnolol on Distal Colon of Guinea Pig in Vitro(Miscellaneous)

Bian Zhao Xiang,Zhang Gen Shui,Wong Ka Leung [他],HU Xu Guang,LIU Liang,YANG Zhijun,LI Min
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 29(4), 790-795, 2006-04-01
… This explains, at least partially, that Cortex magnoliae officinalis exerts therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal disease through relaxation of GI tract smooth muscles. …
NAID 110005602187