WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
any creature of exceptional size
someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful (同)goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus
a very large person; impressive in size or qualities (同)hulk, heavyweight, whale
an imaginary figure of superhuman size and strength; appears in folklore and fairy tales
an unusually large enterprise; "Walton built a retail giant"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
『大男』;(物語・伝説の)『巨人』 / 『大人物』,偉人 / 『巨大な物』 / 巨大な,ものすごく大きい

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/29 21:37:10」(JST)

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Granulation tissue with a poorly formed granuloma to the left of centre. Within this area there is a multinucleate giant cell of the Langhans type. The patient had a healing mycobacterial infection of the skin (M. ulcerans infection).

Langhans giant cells (also known as Pirogov-Langhans cells^[1]) are large cells found in granulomatous conditions.

They are formed by the fusion of epithelioid cells (macrophages), and contain nuclei arranged in a horseshoe-shaped pattern in the cell periphery.^[2]

Although traditionally their presence was associated with tuberculosis, they are not specific for tuberculosis or even for mycobacterial disease. In fact, they are found in nearly every form of granulomatous disease, regardless of etiology.

Terminology

Langhans giant cells are named after Theodor Langhans (1839–1915), a German pathologist.^[3]

They should not be confused with Langerhans cells, which are mononuclear epidermal dendritic cells derived (like Langhans cells) from monocytes and named after Paul Langerhans. (The Islets of Langerhans are also named after Paul Langerhans.)

Causes

Recently, a research paper has shown that when activated CD4+ T cells and monocytes are in close contact, interaction of CD40-CD40L between these two cells and subsequent IFNγ secretion by the T cells causes upregulation and secretion of fusion-related molecule DC-STAMP (dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) by the monocytes, which results in LGC formation.^[4]

Clinical significance

Langhans cells are often found in transbronchial lung biopsies or lymph node biopsies in patients suffering from sarcoidosis.^[5]

References

^ Litvinov AV, Ariél' BM (2005). "Historical reference: giant multinuclear cells in tubercular granuloma". Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk (11): 59–61. PMID 16405098.
^ "Pulmonary Pathology". Retrieved 2008-11-21.
^ Pritchard J, Foley P, Wong H (September 2003). "Langerhans and Langhans: what's misleading in a name?". Lancet 362 (9387): 922. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14323-1. PMID 13678997.
^ Sakai H, Okafuji I, Nishikomori R, et al. (January 2012). "The CD40-CD40L axis and IFN-γ play critical roles in Langhans giant cell formation". Int. Immunol. 24 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr088. PMID 22058328.
^ Sam, Amir H.; James T.H. Teo (2010). Rapid Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405183233.

External links

Langhans giant cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Histology at ohio-state.edu
Histology at jhu.edu

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