| Branchio-oto-renal syndrome |
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Branchio-oto-renal syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
medical genetics |
| ICD-10 |
Q87.0 |
| OMIM |
113650 |
| DiseasesDB |
32599 |
| MeSH |
D019280 |
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (BOR), also known as branchiootorenal syndrome or BOR syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder involving the kidneys, ears, and neck. It often has also been described as Melnick-Fraser syndrome.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Symptoms/signs
- 2 Cause
- 3 Mechanism
- 4 Diagnosis
- 5 Treatment
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 Further reading
Symptoms/signs
The symptoms and/or signs of branchio-oto-renal syndrome are consistent with underdeveloped (hypoplastic) or absent kidneys with resultant renal insufficiency or renal failure.Ear anomalies include extra openings in front of the ears, extra pieces of skin in front of the ears (preauricular tags), or further malformation or absence of the outer ear (pinna). Malformation or absence of the middle ear is also possible, individuals can have mild to profound hearing loss. People with BOR may also have cysts or fistulae along the sides of their neck.[3]
Cause
The cause of branchio-oto-renal syndrome are mutations in genes, EYA1, SIX1, and SIX5 (approximately 40 percent of those born with this condition have a mutation in the EYA1 gene).[3][4]
Mechanism
The genetics of branchio-oto-renal syndrome indicate it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and results from a mutation in the EYA1 gene.[5]Autosomal dominant inheritance indicates that the defective gene responsible for a disorder is located on an autosome, and only one copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disorder, when inherited from a parent who has the disorder. This gene is involved in many facets of embryonic development and is important in the normal formation of many organs and tissues, including the ears, and kidneys before birth.[medical citation needed]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of this syndrome can be done via the test Branchiootorenal syndrome via the SIX5 Gene whose purpose is mutation confirmation and risk assessment (screening).[6]
Treatment
The treatment of branchio-oto-renal syndrome is done per each affected area (or organ). Therefore, a child with hearing problems should have appropriate rehabilitation, prompt attention for any inflammation of the otitis media.[7][8]
A specialist should observe any kidney problems. Surgical repair may be needed depending on the degree of a defect or problem, whether a transplant or dialysis is needed.[9]
Epidemiology
The epidemiology of branchio-oto-renal syndrome has it with a prevalence of 1/40,000 in Western countries.A 2014 review found 250 such cases in the country of Japan[10]
See also
- Lachiewicz Sibley syndrome
- Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome
References
- ^ "Branchiootorenal syndrome". Genetics Home Reference. 2015-11-23. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Branchiootorenal syndrome | Disease | Overview | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ a b "Branchio Oto Renal Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ Little, Melissa Helen (2015-08-06). Kidney Development, Disease, Repair and Regeneration. Academic Press. p. 269. ISBN 9780128004388.
- ^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) Branchiootorenal Syndrome 1; BOR1 -113650
- ^ "Branchiootorenal syndrome via the SIX5 Gene - Tests - GTR - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ Niparko, John K. (2009-01-01). Cochlear Implants: Principles & Practices. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 53. ISBN 9780781777490.
- ^ Smith, Richard JH (1993-01-01). Pagon, Roberta A.; Adam, Margaret P.; Ardinger, Holly H.; Wallace, Stephanie E.; Amemiya, Anne; Bean, Lora JH; Bird, Thomas D.; Fong, Chin-To; Mefford, Heather C., eds. Branchiootorenal Spectrum Disorders. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301554. |updated, 2015|
- ^ Izzedine, Hassane; Tankere, Frederic; Launay-Vacher, Vincent; Deray, Gilbert (2004-02-01). "Ear and kidney syndromes: Molecular versus clinical approach". Kidney International 65 (2): 369–385. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00390.x. ISSN 0085-2538.
- ^ Morisada, Naoya; Nozu, Kandai; Iijima, Kazumoto (2014-06-01). "Branchio-oto-renal syndrome: Comprehensive review based on nationwide surveillance in Japan". Pediatrics International 56 (3): 309–314. doi:10.1111/ped.12357. ISSN 1442-200X.
Further reading
- Pierides, Alkis M.; Athanasiou, Yiannis; Demetriou, Kyproula; Koptides, Michael; Deltas, C. Constantinou (2002-06-01). "A family with the branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome: clinical and genetic correlations". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 17 (6): 1014–1018. doi:10.1093/ndt/17.6.1014. ISSN 0931-0509. PMID 12032190.
- Snow, James Byron; Wackym, Phillip A.; Ballenger, John Jacob (2009-01-01). Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. PMPH-USA. ISBN 9781550093377.
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Congenital abnormality syndromes (Q87, 759.7)
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| Craniofacial |
- Acrocephalosyndactylia
- Apert syndrome/Pfeiffer syndrome
- Saethre–Chotzen syndrome
- Carpenter syndrome
- Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome
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| other: |
- Möbius syndrome
- Goldenhar syndrome
- Cyclopia
- Baller–Gerold syndrome
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|
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| Short stature |
- 1q21.1 deletion syndrome
- Aarskog–Scott syndrome
- Cockayne syndrome
- Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
- Dubowitz syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Robinow syndrome
- Silver–Russell syndrome
- Seckel syndrome
- Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
- Turner syndrome
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| Limbs |
- Adducted thumb syndrome
- Holt–Oram syndrome
- Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome
- Nail–patella syndrome
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| Gastrulation/mesoderm: |
- Caudal regression syndrome
- ectromelia
- VACTERL association
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| Overgrowth |
- Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
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| Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl |
- Bardet–Biedl syndrome
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Combined/other,
known locus |
- 2 (Feingold syndrome)
- 3 (Zimmermann–Laband syndrome)
- 4/13 (Fraser syndrome)
- 8 (Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, CHARGE syndrome)
- 12 (Keutel syndrome, Timothy syndrome)
- 15 (Marfan syndrome)
- 19 (Donohue syndrome)
- Multiple
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