内転足
WordNet
- the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds
- a compound formed by an addition reaction
- draw a limb towards the body; "adduct the thigh muscle"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中足(人間の足の,足首からつま先までの部分で5本の骨から成る部分;四つ足動物の後足,鳥の足の同じ部分)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/08/08 13:57:21」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"In-toe" redirects here. For the process of pulling something, see in tow. For the surfing technique, see tow-in. For the automotive term, see toe-in.
Pigeon toe |
Classification and external resources |
Specialty |
medical genetics |
ICD-10 |
M20.5, Q66.2 |
ICD-9-CM |
754.53 |
MedlinePlus |
001601 |
Pigeon toe (also known as metatarsus varus, metatarsus adductus, in-toe gait, intoeing or false clubfoot) is a condition which causes the toes to point inward when walking. It is most common in infants and children under two years of age[1] and, when not the result of simple muscle weakness,[2] normally arises from underlying conditions, such as a twisted shin bone or an excessive anteversion (femoral head is more than 15° from the angle of torsion) resulting in the twisting of the thigh bone when the front part of a person's foot is turned in.
Severe cases are considered a form of clubfoot.[3]
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 1.1 Metatarsus Adductus
- 1.2 Tibial Torsion
- 1.3 Femoral Anteversion
- 2 Treatment
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Causes
The cause of in-toeing can be differentiated based on the location of the disalignment. The variants are:[4][5]
- Curved foot (metatarsus adductus)
- Twisted shin (tibial torsion)
- Twisted thighbone (femoral anteversion)
Metatarsus Adductus
The most common form of being pigeon toed, when the feet bend inward from the middle part of the foot to the toes.
Tibial Torsion
The tibia or lower leg slightly or severely twists inward when walking.
Femoral Anteversion
The femur or thigh bone turns inward when walking.
Treatment
Most of these conditions are self-correcting during childhood. In the worst cases surgery may be needed.[1] Most of the time this involves lengthening the Achilles tendon. Less severe treatment options for pigeon toe include keeping a child from crossing his or her legs, use of corrective shoes and casting of the foot and lower legs, which is normally done before the child reaches 12 months of age or older.
If the pigeon toe is mild and close to the center, treatment may not be necessary. Ballet has been used as a treatment for mild cases. Dance exercises can help to bend the legs outward.
See also
References
- ^ a b "Pigeon toe (in-toeing)". University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. 2005. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
- ^ Glenn Copeland, Stan Solomon and Mark Myerson (2005). The Good Foot Book. New York: Hunter House. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-89793-448-2.
- ^ "pigeon toe" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ "Intoeing". American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
Reviewed by members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
- ^ Clifford R. Wheeless III (ed.). "Internal Tibial Torsion". Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
External links
- UK information from Oxford Hospitals NHS Trust
- Metatarsus Adductus on POSNA—The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
Musculoskeletal disorders: Acquired musculoskeletal deformities (M20–M25, M95, 734–738)
|
|
Upper limb |
shoulder |
- Winged scapula
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Rotator cuff tear
- Subacromial bursitis
|
|
elbow |
- Cubitus valgus
- Cubitus varus
|
|
hand deformity |
- Wrist drop
- Boutonniere deformity
- Swan neck deformity
|
|
|
Lower limb |
hip |
- Protrusio acetabuli
- Coxa valga
- Coxa vara
|
|
leg |
|
|
patella |
- Luxating patella
- Chondromalacia patellae
- Patella baja
- Patella alta
|
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foot deformity |
- Bunion/hallux valgus
- Hallux varus
- Hallux rigidus
- Hammer toe
- Foot drop
- Flat feet
- Club foot
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knee |
|
|
|
Head |
|
|
General terms |
- Valgus deformity/Varus deformity
- Joint stiffness
- Ligamentous laxity
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|
Index of joint
|
|
Description |
- Anatomy
- head and neck
- cranial
- arms
- torso and pelvis
- legs
- bursae and sheathes
- Physiology
|
|
Disease |
- Arthritis
- acquired
- back
- childhood
- soft tissue
- Congenital
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
- Examination
|
|
Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- topical analgesics
|
|
|
Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality (Q65–Q76, 754–756.3)
|
|
Appendicular
limb / dysmelia |
Upper |
clavicle / shoulder: |
- Cleidocranial dysostosis
- Sprengel's deformity
- Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
|
|
hand deformity: |
- Madelung's deformity
- Clinodactyly
- Oligodactyly
- Polydactyly
|
|
|
Lower |
hip: |
- Dislocation of hip / Hip dysplasia
- Upington disease
- Coxa valga
- Coxa vara
|
|
knee: |
- Genu valgum
- Genu varum
- Genu recurvatum
- Discoid meniscus
- Congenital patellar dislocation
- Congenital knee dislocation
|
|
foot deformity: |
- varus
- valgus
- Pes cavus
- Rocker bottom foot
- Hammer toe
|
|
|
Either / both |
dactyly / digit: |
- Polydactyly / Syndactyly
- Arachnodactyly
- Cenani–Lenz syndactylism
- Ectrodactyly
- Brachydactyly
|
|
reduction deficits / limb: |
- Acheiropodia
- ectromelia
- Phocomelia
- Amelia
- Hemimelia
|
|
multiple joints: |
- Arthrogryposis
- Larsen syndrome
- Rapadilino syndrome
|
|
|
|
Axial |
Craniofacial |
Craniosynostosis: |
- Scaphocephaly
- Oxycephaly
- Trigonocephaly
|
|
Craniofacial dysostosis: |
- Crouzon syndrome
- Hypertelorism
- Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
- Treacher Collins syndrome
|
|
other: |
- Macrocephaly
- Platybasia
- Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
- Dolichocephaly
- Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome
- Plagiocephaly
- Saddle nose
|
|
|
Vertebral column |
- spinal curvature
- Klippel–Feil syndrome
- Spondylolisthesis
- Spina bifida occulta
- Sacralization
|
|
Thoracic skeleton |
ribs: |
|
|
sternum: |
- Pectus excavatum
- Pectus carinatum
|
|
|
|
Index of joint
|
|
Description |
- Anatomy
- head and neck
- cranial
- arms
- torso and pelvis
- legs
- bursae and sheathes
- Physiology
|
|
Disease |
- Arthritis
- acquired
- back
- childhood
- soft tissue
- Congenital
- Injury
- Symptoms and signs
- Examination
|
|
Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gout
- topical analgesics
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthropathy in Patients With 18q Deletion Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
- Safi KH, Fathalla BM.SourceFrom the *Pediatric Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics, and †Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Michigan; and ‡Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
- Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases.J Clin Rheumatol.2011 Dec 12. [Epub ahead of print]
- ABSTRACT: A 7-year-old girl with 18q deletion syndrome developed chronic progressive polyarticular inflammatory arthropathy. Atypical features of her arthritis included lack of morning stiffness, absence of pain and discomfort, normal acute-phase reactants, and the presence of clinodactyly, low-set
- PMID 22157270
- The os supranaviculare and navicular stress fractures.
- Ingalls J, Wissman R.SourceDepartment of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA. Jerrell.Ingalls2@uchealth.com
- Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2011 Jul;40(7):937-41. Epub 2011 Apr 13.
- Tarsal navicular stress fractures are injuries more commonly observed in athletes involved in sprinting and jumping sports. Known risk factors for the development of navicular stress fractures include pes cavus, metatarsus adductus, limited subtalar or ankle motion, medial narrowing of the talonavic
- PMID 21484322
Japanese Journal
- 上地 富,朝長 明敏,竹島 昌栄,本田 晃大,高野 盛登
- 関東整形災害外科学会雑誌 40(6), 405-408, 2009-12-01
- NAID 10026205850
- 町田 治郎,中村 直行,芦川 良介,田丸 智彦,鈴木 毅彦,奥住 成晴
- 日本小児整形外科学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Paediatric Orthopaedic Association 16(1), 30-34, 2007-03-01
- NAID 10029266561
- THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND ASSOCIATED NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES
- Siegel Irwin M.
- リハビリテーション医学 22(1), 3-3, 1985
- … Conditions requiring surgical correction are lower extremity flexion contracture, metatarsus adductus, rigid forefoot equinovarus and calcaneocavus. …
- NAID 130003662318
Related Links
- Metatarsus adductus is thought to be caused by the infant's position inside the womb. Risks may include: The baby's bottom was pointed down in the womb (breech position). The mother had a condition called ...
- Metatarsus adductus is a common foot deformity noted at birth that causes the front half of the foot, or forefoot, to turn inward. ... Get involved: donate, volunteer, join our team and follow us on social media. Read our stories and ideas ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- metatarsus adductus
- ラ
- pes adductus
- 同
- 先天性中足骨内反症 congenital metatarsus varus
[★]
- 関
- annex