WordNet

a compound formed by an addition reaction
draw a limb towards the body; "adduct the thigh muscle"
an addition that extends a main building (同)annexe, extension, wing
take (territory) as if by conquest; "Hitler annexed Lithuania"
attach to
the adductor muscle of the great toe
citing as evidence or proof

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(…に)〈さらに大きな物〉'を'付け加える,添える《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (…に)〈領土・会社など〉'を'併合する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 《話》〈他人の物〉'を'失敬する / (…への)付加物;建て増し,(…の)別館《+『to』+『名』》 / (…の)付属文書(書類),付録《+『to』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/10 16:13:24」(JST)

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An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components.^[1] The resultant is considered a distinct molecular species. Examples include the adduct between hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate to give sodium percarbonate, and the addition of sodium bisulfite to an aldehyde to give a sulfonate. It can just be considered as a single product resulting from direct addition of different molecules and constitutes all the reactant molecules' atoms.

Adducts often form between Lewis acids and Lewis bases.^[2] A good example is the formation of adducts between the Lewis acid borane and the oxygen atom in the Lewis bases, tetrahydrofuran (THF): BH₃•O(CH₂)₄ or diethyl ether: BH₃•O(CH₃CH₂)₂.

THF molecule
BH₃ molecule
Lewis adduct between BH₃ and THF,

Compounds or mixtures that cannot form an adduct because of steric hindrance are called frustrated Lewis pairs.

Adducts are not necessarily molecular in nature. A good example from solid-state chemistry is the adducts of ethylene or carbon monoxide of CuAlCl₄. The latter is a solid with an extended lattice structure. Upon formation of the adduct, a new extended phase is formed in which the gas molecules are incorporated (inserted) as ligands of the copper atoms within the structure. This reaction can also be considered a reaction between a base and a Lewis acid with the copper atom in the electron-receiving role and the pi electrons of the gas molecule in the electron-donating role.^[3]

Adduct ions

An adduct ion is formed from a precursor ion and contains all of the constituent atoms of that ion as well as additional atoms or molecules.^[4] Adduct ions are often formed in a mass spectrometer ion source.

References

^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "adduct".
^ Housecroft, Catherine E.; Sharpe, Alan G. (2008). "Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution". Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
^ Capracotta, M. D.; Sullivan, R. M.; Martin, J. D. (2006). "Sorptive Reconstruction of CuMCl₄ (M = Al and Ga) upon Small-Molecule Binding and the Competitive Binding of CO and Ethylene". Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 (41): 13463–13473. doi:10.1021/ja063172q. PMID 17031959.
^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "adduct ion (in mass spectrometry)".

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