WordNet

a mild form of ichthyosis characterized by abnormal dryness and roughness of the skin (同)xerodermia
a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/26 22:28:12」(JST)

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Xeroderma or xerodermia (also known as xerosis cutis^[1]), derived from the Greek words for "dry skin", is a condition involving the integumentary system, which in most cases can safely be treated with emollients or moisturizers. Xeroderma occurs most commonly on the scalp, lower legs, arms, hands, the knuckles, the sides of the abdomen, and thighs. Symptoms most associated with xeroderma are scaling (the visible peeling of the outer skin layer), itching, and skin cracking.^[2]

Common causes

Xeroderma is a very common condition. It happens more often in the winter where the cold air outside and the hot air inside creates a low relative humidity. This causes the skin to lose moisture and it may crack and peel. Bathing or hand washing too frequently, especially if one is using harsh soaps, can contribute to xeroderma. Xeroderma can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin D, systemic illness, severe sunburn, or some medication.^[3] Xeroderma can be caused by choline inhibitors. Detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid can cause xeroderma.^{[citation needed]}

Prevention

Since the development of Nivea Skin Creme by German pharmacists in the late 1800s, a huge array of topical skin moisturizers have been introduced on the worldwide market. Today, many creams and lotions, commonly based on vegetable oils/butters, petroleum oils/jellies, and even lanolin^[4] are widely available. As a preventive measure, such products may be rubbed onto the affected area as needed (often every other day) to prevent dry skin. The skin is then patted dry to prevent removal of natural lipids from the skin.^[5]

Cure

Repeated application (typically over a few days) of emollients or skin lotions/creams to the affected area will likely result in quick alleviation of xeroderma. In particular, application of highly occlusive barriers to moisture, such as petrolatum, vegetable oils/butters, and mineral oil have been shown to provide excellent results. Many individuals find specific commercial skin creams and lotions (often comprising oils, butters, and or waxes emulsified in water) quite effective (although individual preferences and results vary among the wide array of commercially available creams). Lanolin, a natural mixture of lipids derived from sheep's wool, helps replace natural lipids in human skin and has been used since ancient times (and in modern medicine) as among the most powerful treatments for xeroderma.^[6] However, pure lanolin is a thick waxy substance which, for many individuals, proves difficult and inconvenient for general use on dry skin (especially over large areas of the body). As a result, many formulated lanolin products, having a softer consistency than pure lanolin, are available^[7] (see external links below or consult a pharmacist for recommendations concerning commercially available spreadable formulations comprising lanolin).^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ Information and introductory article on wrongdianosis.com. Retrieved from http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/x/xeroderma/intro.htm.
^ Entry on medterms.com
^ Overview of Lanolin Basics at www.lanicare.com/lanolin.html
^ Lee, Doctor. "Dry Skin Prevention". Retrieved 18 August 2011.
^ Overview of Important Lanolin Facts and History www.lanicare.com/history.html
^ External Site Offering Formulated Lanolin Products www.lanicare.com

External links

UpToDate Contents

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5. アトピー性皮膚炎（湿疹）の治療 treatment of atopic dermatitis eczema

English Journal

Spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and its correlation with CD4 lymphocyte count.

Fernandes MS1, Bhat RM2.
International journal of STD & AIDS.Int J STD AIDS.2014 Jul 10. pii: 0956462414543121. [Epub ahead of print]
In this study, 100 HIV-positive cases (63 men, 37 women) with skin findings were included. The mean CD4 T cell count was 253.3 cells/cumm. A total of 235 dermatological manifestations were seen. The common infectious dermatoses were candidiasis (21%), Staphylococcal skin infections (20%), dermatop
PMID 25015936

Cutaneous Manifestations in Children with Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.

Baselga Torres E1, Torres-Pradilla M2.
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2014 July - August;105(6):546-557. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.11.014. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
Obesity and diabetes are chronic diseases that affect people all over the world, and their incidence is increasing in both children and adults. Clinically, they affect a number of organs, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations caused or aggravated by obesity and diabetes are varied and usu
PMID 24698434

Prevalence and associated factors of comorbid skin diseases in patients with schizophrenia: a clinical survey and national health database study.

Wu BY1, Wu BJ2, Lee SM3, Sun HJ2, Chang YT4, Lin MW5.
General hospital psychiatry.Gen Hosp Psychiatry.2014 Jul-Aug;36(4):415-21. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.02.008. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the epidemiology of and possible risk factors for skin diseases in patients with schizophrenia.METHODS: All of 337 patients with schizophrenia were recruited from the therapeutic community of a psychiatric hospital and underwent a detailed skin examination. The National Health
PMID 24703505

Japanese Journal

透析患者における皮膚水分量の特性ならびに痒みとの関係

野原ともい,永野伸郎,丸山雅美 [他]
日本透析医学会雑誌 47(10), 637-646, 2014-10
NAID 40020251533

ドライスキンへのアプローチ : 温故知新 (教育セミナードライスキンのサイエンス : 原点から最前線まで)

田上八朗
日本香粧品学会誌 38(1), 15-21, 2014-03
NAID 40020070846

ドライスキンへのアプローチ:—温故知新—

田上八朗
日本香粧品学会誌 38(1), 15-21, 2014
… recent improvement of our house-warming system has inevitably begun to induce a decrease in indoor humidity, facilitating the development of pruritic dry skin, xerosis, in those elderly individuals whose SC water holding capacity is poor, leading to the development of cracking in such dry SC and inducing an inevitable scratching behavior, which may allow even the penetration of large environmental protein antigens into the skin, and leading to the development of nummular eczema in a fashion similar to that observed in infants with ichthyosis …
NAID 130005065649

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「乾皮症」「xeroderma」「xerodermic」

「乾皮症」

Xerosis
	The surface of the knuckles of a hand with xeroderma
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E50.0-E50.3, H11.1, L85.3
ICD-9	264.0-264.3, 372.53, 706.8
MedlinePlus	000835