WordNet

of or related to or made of wool; "a woolen sweater" (同)woollen
fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving
outer coat of especially sheep and yaks (同)fleece
a fabric made from the hair of sheep (同)woolen, woollen

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『羊毛の』;羊毛製の,毛織り / 《名詞の前にみの用いて》毛織物の / 毛織物
『羊毛』,(ヤギ・ラマなどの)毛 / 『毛糸』 / 『毛織物』,ウール製品 / 羊毛に似たもの;(人間の)ちぢれ毛,(植物の)綿毛 / 羊毛の,毛織物の,ウールの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/18 13:24:04」(JST)

wiki en

Woolen (American English) or woollen (British English and Canadian English) is a type of yarn made from carded wool. Woolen yarn is soft, light, stretchy, and full of air. It is thus a good insulator, and makes a good knitting yarn. Woolen yarn is in contrast to worsted yarn, in which the fibers are combed to lie parallel rather than carded, producing a hard, strong yarn.^[1]^[2]

Commercial manufacture

The woolen and worsted process both require that the wool (and other similar animal fibers, cashmere, camel, etc.) be cleaned before mechanical processing. Woolen and worsted nomenclatures apply only to the textile processing of animal fibers, but it has become common to include fiber blends under these terms.

The resultant fabrics will be classified as being either woolen or worsted, but this designation is assigned during fiber processing and yarn formation, not in the cloth or finished garment.

A woven woolen fabric is one which is subjected to fabric finishing techniques designed to add a directional pile - in that the end consumer can 'stroke' the garment in a single direction (shoulder to cuff etc.), such as a casual jacket. This feels like the fibers are directionally arranged.

Woolen yarn formation is also very common for knitwear, where the resultant garment has some bulk and the requirement for visual aesthetics (of fiber alignment) is minimal.

The worsted processing route is more complex and requires the removal of short fibers and the use of a focused mechanical process to make the individual fibers parallel to each other. The yarn formation process is significantly more comprehensive and results in a very sleek yarn which will offer a clean looking woven fabric, such as for suitings. The worsted process is significantly more expensive and is seldom used for knitwear.

Handspinning woolen yarn

Woolen yarn is handspun using the long draw technique, and the yarn is spun from a rolag. Most handspinners make a blend of a woolen and worsted yarn, using techniques from both categories, and thus ending up with a mix. The first step to spin a true woolen yarn, however, is to card the fiber into a rolag using handcarders.

The rolag is spun without much stretching of the fibers from the cylindrical configuration. This is done by allowing twist into a short section of the rolag, and then pulling back, without letting the rolag change position in your hands, until the yarn is the desired thickness. The twist will concentrate in the thinnest part of the roving, thus when the yarn is pulled, the thicker sections with less twist will tend to thin out. Once the yarn is the desired thickness, enough twist is added to make the yarn strong. Then the yarn is wound onto the bobbin, and the process starts again.

References

Look up woolen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

^ Barber (1991), pp. 20, 261
^ Burnham (1980), p. 191

Sources

Barber, E. J. W. (1991). Prehistoric Textiles. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00224-X.
Burnham, Dorothy K. (1980). Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology. Royal Ontario Museum. ISBN 0-88854-256-9.

External links

Woolen, Semi-Woolen, Semi-Worsted, and Worsted Spinning - Gives a detailed explanation on the different ways fiber preparation and technique can create different yarns.

English Journal

Radial artery harvest: a potential cause of arteriovenous access-associated hand ischemia.

Asif A, Siskin G, Kumar V, Haqqie SS, Mathew RO, Wang S, Nayer A, Merrill D, Salman L.SourceAlbany Medical College and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY.
Seminars in dialysis.Semin Dial.2013 May;26(3):E17-9. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12084. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
Hand ischemia has multiple causes. In this article, we report an additional factor that can induce hand ischemia in hemodialysis patients. A 64-year-old white man with coronary artery disease underwent a coronary artery bypass graft procedure using the left radial artery as the bypass graft. Several
PMID 23528022

Enabling the utilization of wool as an enzyme support: enhancing the activity and stability of lipase immobilized onto woolen cloth.

Feng X, Patterson DA, Balaban M, Emanuelsson EA.SourceDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2013 Feb 1;102:526-33. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.037. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
An improved, simple, effective and superior protocol has been developed to immobilize amano lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on woolen cloth using polyethyleneimine (PEI) with glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. The success of immobilization was confirmed by FTIR and confocal laser scanning micros
PMID 23174670

The impact of wool in the patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Kiyak E.SourceAtaturk University, Faculty of Health Science, Nursing Department, Erzurum, Turkey.
Collegium antropologicum.Coll Antropol.2012 Jun;36(2):623-6.
The aim was to assess the effect of wool underwear use in patients with chronic non specific low back pain. The study employed two-group, experimental design. A total of 48 patients with chronic non specific low back pain were selected for the study. They were distributed into two groups: a control
PMID 22856254

Japanese Journal

メンズスーツ用毛織物の感性価値に関する研究 : 日本製布地とイタリア製布地の比較

光松佐和子,吉川大弘,古橋武
名古屋経済大学自然科学研究会会誌 46(1・2), 11-25, 2012-03
NAID 40019358783

433 一宮市における「毛織工場」のコンバージョンに関する研究 : 「木曽川、奥、尾西」地区を対象とした実態調査報告(4.建築計画)

安江英将,伊藤恭行
東海支部研究報告集 (50), 569-572, 2012-02-18
NAID 110009428903

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