WordNet

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite (同)wolfram, W, atomic number 74
a mineral consisting of iron and manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks (同)iron manganese tungsten

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=tungsten
タングステン(金属元素;化学記号は W)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/16 08:58:30」(JST)

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1. 糖尿病および遺伝的糖尿病症候群の分類 classification of diabetes mellitus and genetic diabetic syndromes
2. 中枢性尿崩症の臨床症状および原因 clinical manifestations and causes of central diabetes insipidus
3. 小児における聴覚障害：評価 hearing impairment in children evaluation
4. 2型糖尿病の病因 pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Rapid detection of transition metals in welding fumes using paper-based analytical devices.

Cate DM1, Nanthasurasak P, Riwkulkajorn P, L'orange C, Henry CS, Volckens J.Author information 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.AbstractMetals in particulate matter (PM) are considered a driving factor for many pathologies. Despite the hazards associated with particulate metals, personal exposures for at-risk workers are rarely assessed due to the cost and effort associated with monitoring. As a result, routine exposure assessments are performed for only a small fraction of the exposed workforce. The objective of this research was to evaluate a relatively new technology, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs), for measuring the metals content in welding fumes. Fumes from three common welding techniques (shielded metal arc, metal inert gas, and tungsten inert gas welding) were sampled in two welding shops. Concentrations of acid-extractable Fe, Cu, Ni, and Cr were measured and independently verified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results from the µPAD sensors agreed well with ICP-OES analysis; the two methods gave statistically similar results in >80% of the samples analyzed. Analytical costs for the µPAD technique were ~50 times lower than market-rate costs with ICP-OES. Further, the µPAD method was capable of providing same-day results (as opposed several weeks for ICP laboratory analysis). Results of this work suggest that µPAD sensors are a viable, yet inexpensive alternative to traditional analytic methods for transition metals in welding fume PM. These sensors have potential to enable substantially higher levels of hazard surveillance for a given resource cost, especially in resource-limited environments.
The Annals of occupational hygiene.Ann Occup Hyg.2014 May;58(4):413-23. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/met078. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
Metals in particulate matter (PM) are considered a driving factor for many pathologies. Despite the hazards associated with particulate metals, personal exposures for at-risk workers are rarely assessed due to the cost and effort associated with monitoring. As a result, routine exposure assessments
PMID 24515892

Observation of X-ray and Auger electron spectra in a 4π proportional counter for 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence measurements.

Yunoki A1, Kawada Y2, Hino Y2.Author information 1National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology, Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan. Electronic address: a.yunoki@aist.go.jp.2National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology, Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.AbstractFor the standardization of electron capture nuclides followed by γ-transitions, the 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence counting method is mainly adopted. To examine how the spectra of the (e, X) channel change with gas nature and pressure, pulse-height spectrum measurements of signals from a 4π pressurized proportional counter were carried out under various conditions for (54)Mn and (88)Y sources together with 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence counting. The spectra were measured for each half of the counter and for the combined 4π signal. The nature of counting gas (P-10 or methane) and its pressure was reflected in the X-ray peak intensity, and the Auger electron spectra were influenced significantly by the absorption in a thin VYNS film and the source conditions. In the measurements, we employed a pill-box type 4π counter in which the anodes were very thin gold-coated tungsten wires (30μm ∅). In this system, spectra down to 0.2keV were clearly seen. The gas pressure can be raised up to 0.6MPa. Counting electronics used for 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence measurements were conventional modules and a list mode two-parameter data acquisition system.
Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.Appl Radiat Isot.2014 May;87:179-82. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.105. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
For the standardization of electron capture nuclides followed by γ-transitions, the 4π(e, X)-γ coincidence counting method is mainly adopted. To examine how the spectra of the (e, X) channel change with gas nature and pressure, pulse-height spectrum measurements of signals from a 4π pressurized
PMID 24373820

Validation of composite finite elements efficiently simulating elasticity of trabecular bone.

Schwen LO1, Wolfram U.Author information 1a Institute for Numerical Simulation, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.AbstractPatient-specific analyses of the mechanical properties of bones become increasingly important for the management of patients with osteoporosis. The potential of composite finite elements (CFEs), a novel FE technique, to assess the apparent stiffness of vertebral trabecular bone is investigated in this study. Segmented volumes of cylindrical specimens of trabecular bone are compared to measured volumes. Elasticity under uniaxial loading conditions is simulated; apparent stiffnesses are compared to experimentally determined values. Computational efficiency is assessed and recommendations for simulation parameters are given. Validating apparent uniaxial stiffnesses results in concordance correlation coefficients 0.69 ≤ r𝒸 ≤ 0.92 for resolutions finer than 168 μm, and an average error of 5.8% between experimental and numerical results at 24 μm resolution. As an application, the code was used to compute local, macroscopic stiffness tensors for the trabecular structure of a lumbar vertebra. The presented technique allows for computing stiffness using smooth FE meshes at resolutions that are well achievable in peripheral high resolution quantitative CT. Therefore, CFEs could be a valuable tool for the patient-specific assessment of bone stiffness.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2014 May;17(6):652-60. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2012.714373. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
Patient-specific analyses of the mechanical properties of bones become increasingly important for the management of patients with osteoporosis. The potential of composite finite elements (CFEs), a novel FE technique, to assess the apparent stiffness of vertebral trabecular bone is investigated in th
PMID 23025631

Japanese Journal

Wolfram症候群における膵β細胞機能不全

松永仁恵,田部勝也,谷澤幸生
内分泌・糖尿病・代謝内科 38(4), 367-375, 2014-04
NAID 40020093355

CASE REPORT : A sibling case of Wolfram syndrome with a novel mutation Y652X in WFS1

Iwasaki Naoko,Fukawa Kaori,Matsuo Mari [他]
Diabetology international 5(2), 148-153, 2014
NAID 40020091011

書評 Wolfram Ax, Quintilians Grammatik (>Inst. orat.< 1, 4-8)

西洋古典学研究 (62), 116-118, 2014
NAID 40020051443

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