関: vitelline envelope、vitelline layer

WordNet

a thin pliable sheet of material
a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants (同)tissue layer

PrepTutorEJDIC

(生物の)膜,皮膜

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/06 01:09:34」(JST)

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The vitelline membrane is a structure surrounding the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding which, in turn, are bound to sperm plasma membrane receptors. The species-specificity between these receptors contributes to prevention of breeding between different species.

It is called zona pellucida in mammals.

As soon as the spermatozoon fuses with the ovum, signal transduction occurs, resulting in an increase of cytoplasmic calcium ions. This itself triggers the cortical reaction, which results in depositing several substances onto the vitelline membrane through exocytosis of the cortical granules, transforming it into a hard layer called the “fertilization membrane”, which serves as a barrier inaccessible to other spermatozoa. This phenomenon is the slow block to polyspermy.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

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1. 血液-血液透析膜の相互作用に関与する生化学的機序 biochemical mechanisms involved in blood hemodialysis membrane interactions
2. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
3. ライソゾーム膜蛋白質2欠損症（糖原病IIb型、ダノン病） lysosome associated membrane protein 2 deficiency glycogen storage disease iib danon disease
4. 補体系の制御因子および受容体 regulators and receptors of the complement system
5. 血液透析膜の生体適合性についての臨床結果 clinical consequences of hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility

English Journal

The morphology of the eggs of three species of Zoraptera (Insecta).

Mashimo Y1, Beutel RG2, Dallai R3, Gottardo M3, Lee CY4, Machida R5.
Arthropod structure & development.Arthropod Struct Dev.2015 Nov;44(6 Pt B):656-66. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The egg structure of Zorotypus magnicaudelli, Zorotypus hubbardi and Zorotypus impolitus was examined and described in detail. Major characteristics of zorapteran eggs previously reported were confirmed in these species, with the partial exception of Z. impolitus: 1) a pair of micropyles at the equa
PMID 26431636

How the cladoceran heterogonic life cycle evolved-insights from gamogenetic reproduction and direct development in Cyclestherida.

Fritsch M1, Richter S1.
Evolution & development.Evol Dev.2015 Nov;17(6):356-66. doi: 10.1111/ede.12163. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Here we document the early gamogenetic development of Cyclestherida, including a characterization of the nervous system. Resting eggs in Cyclestheria are protected by an ephippium, built by the major part of the carapace. The first stages of development are enclosed in an outer chorion and an inner
PMID 26486940

Xenopus borealis as an alternative source of oocytes for biophysical and pharmacological studies of neuronal ion channels.

Cristofori-Armstrong B1, Soh MS2, Talwar S2, Brown DL1, Griffin JD1, Dekan Z1, Stow JL1, King GF1, Lynch JW2,3, Rash LD1.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2015 Oct 6;5:14763. doi: 10.1038/srep14763.
For the past 30 years, oocytes from Xenopus laevis have been extensively used to express and characterise ion channels in an easily controlled environment. Here we report the first use of oocytes from the closely related species Xenopus borealis as an alternative expression system for neuronal ion c
PMID 26440210