WordNet
- preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『視覚の』 / 目に見える;目で見た / 有視界の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/08/16 23:04:40」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with image processing.
Visual processing is the sequence of steps that information takes as it flows from visual sensors to cognitive processing. The sensors may be zoological eyes or they may be cameras or sensor arrays that sense various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
See also
- Visual agnosia
- Visual cortex
- Visual perception
- Visual system
Further reading
- Boden C, Giaschi D (March 2007). "M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia". Psychol Bull 133 (2): 346–66. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.346. PMID 17338604.
- Das M, Bennett DM, Dutton GN (November 2007). "Visual attention as an important visual function: an outline of manifestations, diagnosis and management of impaired visual attention". Br J Ophthalmol 91 (11): 1556–60. doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.104844. PMC 2095436. PMID 17301124.
- Hellige JB (1996). "Hemispheric asymmetry for visual information processing". Acta Neurobiol Exp 56 (1): 485–97. PMID 8787209.
- Kitahara K (March 2007). "[Physiology and pathology of visual information processing]". Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (in Japanese) 111 (3): 160–91; discussion 192. PMID 17402561.
- Miles FA (March 1998). "The neural processing of 3-D visual information: evidence from eye movements". Eur. J. Neurosci. 10 (3): 811–22. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00112.x. PMID 9753150.
- Vidyasagar TR (2005). "Attentional gating in primary visual cortex: a physiological basis for dyslexia". Perception 34 (8): 903–11. doi:10.1068/p5332. PMID 16178142.
Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways
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Visual perception |
- 1° (Retina bipolar cell) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)
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Muscles of orbit |
Tracking |
Smooth pursuit: |
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
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Saccade: |
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- Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF
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Horizontal gaze |
- PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
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Vertical gaze |
- Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit
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Vestibulo–ocular reflex |
- Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
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Pupillary reflex |
Pupillary response |
- 1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)
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Pupillary light reflex
(constriction) |
- 1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger–Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)
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Accommodation
vergence |
- 1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger–Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)
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Circadian rhythm |
- Retina → Retinohypothalamic tract → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)
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Index of the eye
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
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Anatomy of the globe of the eye
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Fibrous tunic (outer) |
Sclera |
- Episcleral layer
- Schlemm's canal
- Trabecular meshwork
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Cornea |
- Limbus
- layers
- Epithelium
- Bowman's
- Stroma
- Descemet's
- Endothelium
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Uvea/vascular tunic (middle) |
Choroid |
- Capillary lamina of choroid
- Bruch's membrane
- Sattler's layer
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Ciliary body |
- Ciliary processes
- Ciliary muscle
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Iris |
- Stroma
- Pupil
- Iris dilator muscle
- Iris sphincter muscle
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Retina (inner) |
Layers |
- Inner limiting membrane
- Nerve fiber layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Inner plexiform layer
- Inner nuclear layer
- Outer plexiform layer
- Outer nuclear layer
- External limiting membrane
- Layer of rods and cones
- Retinal pigment epithelium
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Cells |
- Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell, Muller glia
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Other |
- Macula
- Foveola
- Fovea centralis
- Parafovea
- Perifovea
- Optic disc
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Anterior segment |
- Anterior chamber
- Aqueous humour
- Posterior chamber
- Lens
- Capsule of lens
- Zonule of Zinn
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Posterior segment |
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Other |
- Asthenopia
- Keratocytes
- Ocular immune system
- Tapetum lucidum
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Index of the eye
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
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Nervous system: Sensory systems / senses (TA A15)
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Special senses |
- Visual system/sight
- Auditory system/hearing
- Chemoreception
- Olfactory system/smell
- Gustatory system/taste
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Touch |
- Pain
- Temperature
- Balance
- Mechanoreception
- Proprioception
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Other |
- Sensory receptor
- Multisensory integration
- Sensory processing
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Phenomena of the visual system
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Entoptic phenomena |
- Blind spot
- Phosphene
- Floater
- Afterimage
- Haidinger's brush
- Prisoner's cinema
- Blue field entoptic phenomenon
- Purkinje images
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Other phenomena |
- Aura
- Form constant
- Scintillating scotoma
- Palinopsia
- Visual snow
- Afterimage on empty shape
- Cosmic ray visual phenomena
- Scotopic sensitivity syndrome
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Index of the eye
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Phenomena
- appearance
- visual
- optical illusions
- proteins
- Development
|
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Corneal dystrophy
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- infection
- glaucoma and miosis
- mydriatics
- vascular
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Dyslexia and related specific developmental disorders (F80–F83, 315)
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General
conditions |
Speech and
language
impairments /
communication
disorders
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- Expressive language disorder
- Infantile speech
- Landau–Kleffner syndrome
- Language disorder
- Lisp
- Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder
- Specific language impairment
- Speech and language impairment
- Speech disorder
- Speech error
- Speech sound disorder
- Stammering
- Tip of the tongue
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Scholastic skills/
learning disorder
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- Developmental dyslexia
- Dyscalculia
- Dysgraphia (Disorder of written expression)
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Motor function
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- Developmental coordination disorder
- Developmental verbal dyspraxia also known as Childhood apraxia of speech
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Other
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- Auditory processing disorder
- Scotopic sensitivity syndrome
- Sensory processing disorder
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Related topics |
- Dyslexia research
- Irlen filters
- Learning Ally
- Learning problems in childhood cancer
- Literacy
- Management of dyslexia/Dyslexia interventions
- Multisensory integration
- Neuropsychology
- Reading acquisition
- Spelling
- Writing system
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Lists |
- Dyslexia in fiction
- Languages by Writing System
- People with dyslexia
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Index of psychology and psychiatry
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Description |
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Disorders |
- Mental and behavioral
- Mood
- Developmental
- pervasive
- dyslexia and specific
- Substance-related
- Emotional and behavioral
- Symptoms and signs
- Evaluation and testing
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Treatment |
- Psychotherapy
- Drugs
- depression
- antipsychotics
- anxiety
- dementia
- hypnotics and sedatives
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Literacy
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Teaching literacy |
- Reading education in the USA
- Phonics
- Whole language
- Dick and Jane
- National Council of Teachers of English
- NCLB
- Family literacy
- Adolescent literacy
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Defining literacy |
- Functional illiteracy
- Critical literacy
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Literacy internationally |
- International Reading Association
- List of countries by literacy rate
- Literacy in India
- International Literacy Day
- List of Chinese administrative divisions by illiteracy rate
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Major contributors to literacy |
- Frank Laubach
- Ruth Johnson Colvin
- Paulo Freire
- Griffith Jones
- Marie Clay
- James Paul Gee
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Related concepts |
- Agricultural literacy
- Aliteracy
- Asemic writing
- Computer literacy
- Cultural literacy
- Data literacy
- Dyslexia
- Diaspora literacy
- Early literacy
- Ecological literacy
- Electracy
- Emergent literacy
- Emotional literacy
- Financial literacy
- Health literacy
- Information literacy
- Information and media literacy
- Literacy test
- Media consumption
- Media literacy
- Mental health literacy
- Mental literacy
- New literacies
- Numeracy
- Oracy
- Orality
- Oral literature
- Postliterate society
- Racial literacy
- Scientific literacy
- Statistical literacy
- Technological literacy
- Transliteracy
- Visual literacy
- Writing system
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Writing systems
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Overview |
- History of writing
- History of the alphabet
- Graphemes
- Scripts in Unicode
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Lists |
- Writing systems
- Languages by writing system / by first written account
- Undeciphered writing systems
- Inventors of writing systems
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Types |
- Featural alphabets
- Alphabets
- Abjads
- Alphasyllabaries / Abugidas
- Syllabaries
- Semi-syllabaries
- Ideogrammic
- Pictographic
- Logographic
- Numeral
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Reduced attentional blink for gambling-related stimuli in problem gamblers.
- Brevers D, Cleeremans A, Tibboel H, Bechara A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Noel X.SourceFNRS, Psychological Medicine Laboratory, CHU-Brugmann, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium. dbrevers@ulb.ac.be
- Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry.2011 Sep;42(3):265-9. Epub 2011 Jan 21.
- Although there is considerable information concerning the attentional biases in psychoactive substance use and misuse, much less is known about the contribution of attentional processing in problem gambling. The aim of this study was to examine whether problem gamblers (PrG) exhibit attentional bias
- PMID 21349247
- Involvement of the cholinergic system in conditioning and perceptual memory.
- Robinson L, Platt B, Riedel G.SourceSchool of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2011 Aug 10;221(2):443-65. Epub 2011 Feb 17.
- The cholinergic systems play a pivotal role in learning and memory, and have been the centre of attention when it comes to diseases containing cognitive deficits. It is therefore not surprising, that the cholinergic transmitter system has experienced detailed examination of its role in numerous beha
- PMID 21315109
Japanese Journal
- The inversion effect for neutral and emotional facial expressions on amygdala activity.
- Sato Wataru,Kochiyama Takanori,Yoshikawa Sakiko
- Brain research 1378, 84-90, 2011-03-10
- … The way in which visual facial information is processed in the amygdala remains, however, unknown. … The face inversion effect, a deficit in the processing of inverted compared to upright facial stimuli, has provided an important clue with regard to the visual processes that might be involved. … These results suggest that the amygdala is involved in configural/holistic visual processing for faces and emotional facial expressions. …
- NAID 120002906273
- dial:音・映像構成のためのロータリーシーケンサ
- 的場 寛,中村 滋延
- 情報処理学会研究報告. [音楽情報科学] 2011-MUS-89(8), 1-5, 2011-02-04
- 《dial》 は複数の反復する時間をもとに音・映像を構成するシーケンスソフトである。個々に独立な時間軸をもつ回転運動を 3D 空間に配置し組み合わせることで並列的なリズムや回転する音場の生成を試みる。
- NAID 110007986252
Related Links
- Visual Processing. The interface of user and computer began with numbers, growing to communication via words and word processing, and now we can freely wield graphics through technology ? a revolutionary paradigm shift we call Visual ...
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