ウイルス血症
WordNet
- the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs" (同)viraemia
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 23:08:58」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Viremia
| ICD-10 |
B34.9 |
| ICD-9 |
790.8 |
| MeSH |
D014766 |
Viremia (UK: viraemia) is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar to bacteremia, a condition where bacteria enter the bloodstream.[1] The name comes from combining the word virus with the Greek word for blood (haima).it usually lasts for 4-5 days in primary condition .
Contents
- 1 Primary versus secondary viremia
- 2 Active versus passive viremia
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Primary versus secondary viremia
Primary viremia refers to the initial spread of virus in the blood from the first site of infection.
Secondary viremia occurs when primary viremia has resulted in infection of additional tissues via bloodstream, in which the virus has replicated and once more entered the circulation.
Usually secondary viremia results in higher viral shedding and viral loads within the bloodstream due to the possibility that the virus is able to reach its natural host cell from the bloodstream and replicate more efficiently than the initial site.[2] An excellent example to profile this distinction is the rabies virus.[3] Usually the virus will replicate briefly within the first site of infection, within the muscle tissues. Viral replication then leads to viremia and the virus spreads to its secondary site of infection, the Central nervous system (CNS). Upon infection of the CNS, secondary viremia results and symptoms usually begin.[4] Vaccination at this point is useless, as the spread to the brain is unstoppable. Vaccination must be done before secondary viremia takes place for the individual to avoid brain damage or death.
Active versus passive viremia
Active viremia is caused by the replication of viruses which results in viruses being introduced into the bloodstream. Examples include the measles, in which primary viremia occurs in the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract before replicating and budding out of the cell basal layer (viral shedding), resulting in viruses budding into capillaries and blood vessels.[5]
Passive viremia is the introduction of viruses in the bloodstream without the need of active viral replication. Examples include direct inoculation from mosquitoes, through physical breaches or via blood transfusions.[6]
See also
- Septicemia
- Viral shedding
References
- ^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 881. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Cerino A, Bissolati M, Cividini A, Nicosia A, Esumi M, Hayashi N, Mizuno K, Slobbe R, Oudshoorn P, Silini E, Asti M, Mondelli MU (Jan 1997). "Antibody responses to the hepatitis C virus E2 protein: relationship to viraemia and prevalence in anti-HCV seronegative subjects". J Med Virol 51 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199701)51:1<1::aid-jmv1>3.3.co;2-3.
- ^ Lodmell DL, Dimcheff DE, Ewalt LC (Mar 2006). "Viral RNA in the bloodstream suggests viremia occurs in clinically ill rabies-infected mice". Virus Res. 116 (1-2): 114–8. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.09.004.
- ^ Gribencha SV, Barinsky IF (Jul 1982). "Viraemia in rabies". Acta Virol 26 (4): 301.
- ^ Mulupuri P, Zimmerman JJ, Hermann J, Johnson CR, Cano JP, Yu W, Dee SA, Murtaugh MP (2007). "Antigen-Specific B-cell Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection". J Virol.
- ^ Lai CJ, Goncalvez AP, Men R, Wernly C, Donau O, Engle RE, Purcell RH (Dec 2007). "Epitope determinants of a chimpanzee dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4)-neutralizing antibody and protection against DENV-4 challenge in mice and rhesus monkeys by passively transferred humanized antibody". J Virol 81 (23): 12766–74. doi:10.1128/jvi.01420-07.
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Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70–R79, 790)
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| Red blood cells |
| Size |
- Anisocytosis
- Macrocyte
- Microcyte
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| Shape |
- Poikilocytosis
- membrane abnormalities:
- Acanthocyte
- Codocyte
- Ovalocyte
- Spherocyte
- Dacrocyte
- Echinocyte
- Schistocyte
- Degmacyte
- Drepanocyte
- Stomatocyte
- Knizocyte
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| Hemoglobinization |
|
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| Inclusion bodies |
- Developmental
- Howell–Jolly body
- Basophilic stippling
- Pappenheimer bodies
- Cabot rings
- Hemoglobin precipitation
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| Other |
- Rouleaux
- Reticulocyte
- Elevated ESR
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| Lymphocytes |
|
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| Small molecules |
| Blood sugar |
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Prediabetes
- Impaired fasting glucose
- Impaired glucose tolerance
- Oxyhyperglycemia
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| Nitrogenous |
- Azotemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hypouricemia
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|
|
| Proteins |
| LFT |
- Elevated transaminases
- Elevated ALP
- Hypoproteinemia
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| Other |
- Elevated cardiac markers
- Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
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| Minerals |
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| Pathogens/sepsis |
- Bacteremia
- Viremia
- Fungemia
- Parasitemia
- Algaemia
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Index of cells from bone marrow
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| Description |
- Immune system
- Cells
- Physiology
- coagulation
- proteins
- granule contents
- colony-stimulating
- heme and porphyrin
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| Disease |
- Red blood cell
- Monocyte and granulocyte
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Histiocytosis
- Symptoms and signs
- Blood tests
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| Treatment |
- Transfusion
- Drugs
- thrombosis
- bleeding
- other
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Construction of a novel porcine circovirus type 2 infectious clone as a basis for the development of a PCV2 iDNA vaccine.
- Wang WC1, Zeng ZY2, Tang DY3, Liang HY3, Liu Z3, Dai ZJ3.
- Journal of virological methods.J Virol Methods.2015 Aug;220:21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
- Porcine circovirus-associated disease is a highly contagious disease that has significant economic consequences. The disease is prevalent in many countries and regions. To generate a genetic marker strain of PCV2, a Sal I restriction enzyme site was inserted into the PCV2 clone as a genetic marker b
- PMID 25882478
- Dynamics of T-cell subsets and their relationship with oral and systemic opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients during the first year of HAART in Guangxi, China.
- Zhang L1, Huang Y, Liu Z, Liu W, Qin Q, Tao R.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2015 Jul;87(7):1158-67. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24177. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
- To analyze the dynamic changes in Th1, Th2, Tc1, and Tc2 of HIV/AIDS patients during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and to explore their relationship with oral and systemic opportunistic infections, a cohort study was carried out among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi, Ch
- PMID 25777553
- Frequency and genotype of human parvovirus B19 among Iranian patients infected with HIV.
- Azadmanesh K1, Mohraz M, Kazemimanesh M, Aghakhani A, Foroughi M, Banifazl M, Eslamifar A, Ramezani A.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2015 Jul;87(7):1124-9. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24169. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
- The human parvovirus B19 (B19) usually causes a subclinical infection in immunocompetent individuals. Whereas immunocompromised individuals such as patients infected with HIV are at risk of persistent anemia due to B19 infection. Only few studies have been carried out on distribution and molecular e
- PMID 25771750
Japanese Journal
- Cytomegalovirus Reactivation Induced Acute Hepatitis and Gastric Erosions in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis under Treatment with an Anti-IL-6 Receptor Antibody, Tocilizumab
- CD8 Encephalitis Caused by Persistently Detectable Drug-resistant HIV
- 東京慈恵会医科大学附属病院におけるABO適合・不適合生体腎移植患者のCMV感染症の検討 (第132回成医会総会一般演題)
Related Links
- Viremia definition, the presence of a virus in the blood. See more. Thesaurus Translator Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary My Account Log Out Log In follow Dictionary.com Dictionary Thesaurus ...
- viremia /vi·re·mia/ (vi-re´me-ah) the presence of viruses in the blood. vi·re·mi·a (vī-rē′mē-ə) n. The presence of viruses in the bloodstream. Viremia The measurable presence of virus in the bloodstream that is a characteristic of acute ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- viraemia、viremia
[★]
ウイルス血症
- 関
- viremia、viremic
[★]
- 関
- cytomegalovirus viremia
[★]
サイトメガロウイルス血症
- 関
- CMV viremia