WordNet

an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed (同)malformation, misshapenness
a deformity in which there is an abnormal displacement of part of a limb away from the midline of the body

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〈U〉(身体の)奇形,変形,不具;醜さ / 〈C〉(身体の)奇形部 / 〈C〉(…の)欠陥

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/04 19:15:43」(JST)

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In orthopedics, a valgus deformity is a term for outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite deformation, medial deviation of the distal bone, is called varus.

The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.

For a discussion of the etymology of these words, see the entry under varus.

Common causes of Valgus Knee in adults include arthritis of the knee and trauma.

Knee arthritis with valgus knee

Rheumatoid knee commonly presents as valgus knee. Osteoarthritis knee may also sometimes present with valgus deformity though varus deformity is common. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to correct valgus deformity is surgically difficult and requires specialized implants called constrained condylar knees.

Examples

Hip: coxa valga (from Latin coxa = hip) — the shaft of the femur is bent outward in respect to the neck of the femur. Coxa vara on the other hand is a reverse of above where the neck-shaft angle is reduced (from nearly 135).
Knee: genu valgum (from Latin genu = knee) — the tibia is turned outward in relation to the femur, resulting in a knock-kneed appearance.
Ankle: talipes valgus (from Latin talus = ankle and Greek pes = foot) — outward turning of the heel, resulting in clubfoot with the person walking on the inner part of the foot.
Toe: hallux valgus (Latin hallux = big toe) — outward deviation of the big toe toward the second toe.
Elbows: cubitus valgus (Latin cubitus = elbow) — turned-in elbows
Hand: 'Manus valgus; manus - Latin for hand

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Functional and radiographic consideration of lower limb malalignment in children and adolescents with idiopathic genu valgum.

Farr S1, Kranzl A, Pablik E, Kaipel M, Ganger R.
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.J Orthop Res.2014 Oct;32(10):1362-70. doi: 10.1002/jor.22684. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
Three-dimensional gait analysis is capable of assessing dynamic load characteristics and the resulting compensatory effects of lower limb malalignment, which are generally not reflected in static imaging. This study determined differences in gait parameters in the frontal and transverse plane betwee
PMID 25042523

Taking Out the Tarsal Coalition Was Easy: But Now the Foot Is Even Flatter. What Now?

Gougoulias N1, O'Flaherty M2, Sakellariou A3.
Foot and ankle clinics.Foot Ankle Clin.2014 Sep;19(3):555-568. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2014.06.011. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
Patients with a preexisting hindfoot deformity, who undergo resection (with or without soft tissue interposition) of a tarsal coalition, may present with recurrent pain and worsening planovalgus deformity. This is due to the secondary effect of soft tissue contractures (lateral ligaments, peroneal t
PMID 25129361