WordNet

disconnect or separate; "uncouple the hounds" (同)decouple

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈連結したもの〉‘を'離す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/04 09:23:11」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2

An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable of dissipating the proton gradient generated by NADH-powered pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The energy lost in dissipating the proton gradient via UCPs is not used to do biochemical work. Instead, heat is generated. This is what links UCP to thermogenesis. UCPs are positioned in the same membrane as the ATP synthase, which is also a proton channel. The two proteins thus work in parallel with one generating heat and the other generating ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, the last step in oxidative phosphorylation.^[1] Mitochondria respiration is coupled to ATP synthesis (ADP phosphorylation) but is regulated by UCPs.^[2]

There are five types of homologs known in mammals:

UCP1, also known as thermogenin
UCP2
UCP3
SLC25A27, also known as "UCP4"
SLC25A14, also known as "UCP5"

Uncoupling proteins play a role in normal physiology, as in cold exposure or hibernation, because the energy is used to generate heat (see thermogenesis) instead of producing ATP. Some plants species use the heat generated by uncoupling proteins for special purposes. Skunk cabbage, for example, keeps the temperature of its spikes as much as 20° higher than the environment, spreading odor and attracting insects that fertilize the flowers.^[3] However, other substances, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, also serve the same uncoupling function. Salicylic acid is also an uncoupling agent and will decrease production of ATP and increase body temperature if taken in excess.^[4] Uncoupling proteins are increased by thyroid hormone, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and leptin.^[5]

History

Scientists observed the thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue, which eventually led to the discovery of the UCP. The brown tissue revealed elevated levels of mitochondria respiration and another respiration not coupled to ATP synthesis, which symbolized strong thermogenic activity.^[2] The UCP was the protein discovered responsible for activating a proton pathway that was not coupled to ADP phosphorylation.^[2]

References

^ Nedergaard J, Ricquier D, Kozak LP (2005). "Uncoupling proteins: current status and therapeutic prospects". EMBO Rep. 6 (10): 917–21. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400532. PMC 1369193 . PMID 16179945.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rousset, Sophie; Alves-Guerra, Marie-Clotilde; Mozo, Julien; Miroux, Bruno; Cassard-Doulcier, Anne-Marie; Bouillaud, Frédéric; Ricquier, Daniel (2004-02-01). "The Biology of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins". Diabetes. 53 (suppl 1): S130–S135. doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.2007.S130. ISSN 0012-1797. PMID 14749278.
^ Garrett, Reginald H.; Grisham, Charles M. (2013). Biochemistry (Fifth Edition, International ed.). China: Mary Finch. p. 668. ISBN 978-1-133-10879-5.
^ "California Poison Control System: Salicylates".
^ Gong DW, He Y, Karas M, Reitman M (1997). "Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, β3-adrenergic agonists, and leptin". J Biol Chem. 272 (39): 24129–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129. PMID 9305858.

External links

Uncoupling Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Succination of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Links Mitochondrial Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Adipocyte During Diabetes.

Manuel AM1, Walla MD2, Faccenda A3, Martin SL1, Tanis RM1, Piroli GG1, Adam J4, Kantor B5, Mutus B3, Townsend DM6, Frizzell N1.
Antioxidants & redox signaling.Antioxid Redox Signal.2017 Dec 1;27(16):1281-1296. doi: 10.1089/ars.2016.6853. Epub 2017 May 19.
PMID 28376661

Changes in the process performance, sludge production and microbial activity in an activated sludge reactor with addition of a metabolic uncoupler under different operating conditions.

Ferrer-Polonio E1, Fernández-Navarro J2, Alonso-Molina JL2, Amorós-Muñoz I2, Bes-Piá A3, Mendoza-Roca JA3.
Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2017 Dec 1;203(Pt 1):349-357. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.009. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
PMID 28806651

Local Ca2+ coupling between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum following depolarization in guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle cells.

Yamamura H1, Kawasaki K2, Inagaki S2, Suzuki Y3, Imaizumi Y3.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.Am J Physiol Cell Physiol.2017 Oct 18:ajpcell.00208.2017. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00208.2017. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29046294