目次
WordNet
- impossible to assail (同)untouchable
- without flaws or loopholes; "an ironclad contract"; "a watertight alibi"; "a bulletproof argument" (同)unshakable, watertight, bulletproof
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 攻撃できない,難攻不落の / 否定できない,反論できない
English Journal
- Amphimixis and the individual in evolving populations: does Weismann's Doctrine apply to all, most or a few organisms?
- Niklas KJ1, Kutschera U.Author information 1Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14893, USA, kjn2@cornell.edu.AbstractThe German biologist August Weismann (1834-1914) proposed that amphimixis (sexual reproduction) creates variability for natural selection to act upon, and hence he became one of the founders of the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution. He is perhaps best known for what is called "Weismann's Doctrine" or "Weismann's Barrier" (i.e. the irreversible separation of somatic and germ cell functionalities early during ontogeny in multicellular organisms). This concept provided an unassailable argument against "soft inheritance" sensu Lamarck and informed subsequent theorists that the only "individual" in the context of evolution is the mature, reproductive organism. Herein, we review representative model organisms whose embryology conforms to Weismann's Doctrine (e.g. flies and mammals) and those that do not (e.g. freshwater hydroids and plants) based on this survey and the Five Kingdoms of Life scheme; we point out that most species (notably bacteria, fungi, protists and plants) are "non-Weismannian" in ways that make a canonical definition of the "individual" problematic if not impossible. We also review critical life history functional traits that allow us to create a matrix of all theoretically conceivable life cycles (for eukaryotic algae, embryophytes, fungi and animals), which permits us to establish where this scheme Weismann's Doctrine holds true and where it does not. In addition, we argue that bacteria, the dominant organisms of the biosphere, exist in super-cellular biofilms but rarely as single (planktonic) microbes. Our analysis attempts to show that competition among genomic variants in cell lineages played a critical part in the evolution of multicellularity and life cycle diversity. This feature was largely ignored during the formulation of the synthetic theory of biological evolution and its subsequent elaborations.
- Die Naturwissenschaften.Naturwissenschaften.2014 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print]
- The German biologist August Weismann (1834-1914) proposed that amphimixis (sexual reproduction) creates variability for natural selection to act upon, and hence he became one of the founders of the Neo-Darwinian theory of biological evolution. He is perhaps best known for what is called "Weismann's
- PMID 24633620
- Nudge, nudge, wink, wink: love, sex and gay men with intellectual disabilities - a helping hand or a human right?
- Abbott D.Author information Norah Fry Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.AbstractBACKGROUND: How do human rights help us with the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) who face discrimination and barriers in their sexual lives? Men with ID who are gay face a whole range of rights violations when it comes to exercising their sexual identity. How can such a seemingly marginalised group draw on rights based claims for better and equal treatment? This paper explores how the power of men's own stories may usefully challenge prevailing social norms and in turn strengthen human rights claims in this area. It also reflects on the challenges posed to such an agenda by current economic difficulties and changes in the organisation of adult social care in the UK.
- Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR.J Intellect Disabil Res.2013 Nov;57(11):1079-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01642.x. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
- BACKGROUND: How do human rights help us with the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) who face discrimination and barriers in their sexual lives Men with ID who are gay face a whole range of rights violations when it comes to exercising their sexual identity. How can such a see
- PMID 23796265
- A comparative analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes among Hexapoda.
- Simon S1, Hadrys H.Author information 1ITZ, Ecology and Evolution, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 79th at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA. Electronic address: ssimon@amnh.org.AbstractWith respect to bauplan radiation, species and taxa richness, hexapods have an unassailable lead. But still, the phylogenetic relationships among the orders and infraorders remain a matter of discussion. The rapidly increasing mitochondrial genome sequences from diverse insect species provide the opportunity to explore miscellaneous evolutionary questions in the superclass Hexapoda. A combined primary sequence analyses of the complete available data set has not yet been performed. Until now phylogenetic analyses of subsets of selected taxa resulted to strong supported topologies showing in some instances discrepancies between morphological and nuclear data. This circumstance started the discussion about the limits of complete mitochondrial genomes for inferring deep hexapod relationships. By using the hitherto densest taxon sampling of Hexapoda our analyses resulted in discrepancies to the current phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological and nuclear data, e.g. monophyly of hexapods and some hexapods orders, e.g. Diptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Nonetheless, compared to previously published studies that strongly support systematically erroneous groups using a sparse taxon sampling, our analyses had no support for theses discrepancies. Consequently, we highly recommend interpreting mt-genome based phylogenies with incomplete representation of major orders/taxa particularly for hexapods with cautions although the inferred relationships are highly supported.
- Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2013 Nov;69(2):393-403. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.033. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
- With respect to bauplan radiation, species and taxa richness, hexapods have an unassailable lead. But still, the phylogenetic relationships among the orders and infraorders remain a matter of discussion. The rapidly increasing mitochondrial genome sequences from diverse insect species provide the op
- PMID 23598069
- Historical Perspective: Harvey's epoch-making discovery of the Circulation, its historical antecedents, and some initial consequences on medical practice.
- Pasipoularides A.Author information Consulting Professor of Surgery, Formerly Director of Cardiac Function, Duke/NSF Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technologies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. apasipou@duke.eduAbstractIn Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus of 1628, we see the mechanisms of the Circulation worked out more or less in full from the results of experimental demonstration, virtually complete but for the direct visual evidence of a link between the minute final terminations and initial branches of the arterial and venous systems, respectively. This would become available only when the capillaries could be seen under the microscope, by Malpighi. Harvey's amazingly modern order of magnitude analysis of volumetric circulatory flow and appreciation of the principle of continuity (mass conservation), his adroit investigational uses of ligatures of varying tightness in elegant flow experiments, and his insightful deductions truly explain the movement of the blood in animals. His end was accomplished. So radical was his discovery that early in the 18th century, the illustrious Hermann Boerhaave, professor of medicine at Leyden, declared that nothing that had been written before Harvey was worthy of consideration any more. The conclusions of De Motu Cordis are unassailable and beautiful in their simplicity. Harvey's genius and tireless determination have served physiology and medicine well.
- Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).J Appl Physiol (1985).2013 Jun;114(11):1493-503. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00216.2013. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
- In Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus of 1628, we see the mechanisms of the Circulation worked out more or less in full from the results of experimental demonstration, virtually complete but for the direct visual evidence of a link between the minute final termi
- PMID 23558385
Japanese Journal
- 台湾領有初期における教育勅語の導入過程
- 日本の教育史学 : 教育史学会紀要 51, 56-68, 2008-10-01
- NAID 110006991340
- 「史」の自立 : 魏晉期における別傳の盛行を中心として
- 史學雜誌 112(4), 427-451, 2003-04-20
- NAID 110002365848
- Gaudry's Variant against C_<ab> Curves
- IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences E83-A(9), 1809-1814, 2000-09-25
- NAID 110003208688
- ピクチャレスクの美学理論 : ギルピン、プライス、ナイトをめぐって
- 美學 40(2), 36-49, 1989-09-30
- NAID 110003713908
Related Links
- The adjective unassailable means without flaws or indefensible. If you are going to get home late (again!), you'd better have an unassailable alibi for your parents, or else you should plan on not seeing the outside of your room for a ...
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