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extremely fine or thin, as in a spectral line split into two or more components; "hyperfine structure"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/27 18:06:36」(JST)

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1. 原発不明の低分化腫瘍 poorly differentiated neoplasms of unknown primary site
2. 爪膝蓋骨症候群 nail patella syndrome
3. アルコール性心筋症 alcoholic cardiomyopathy
4. 皮質下梗塞および白質脳症を伴う常染色体優性脳動脈症（CADASIL） cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy cadasil
5. 原発性線毛機能不全（線毛不動症候群） primary ciliary dyskinesia immotile cilia syndrome

English Journal

Spaghetti from durum wheat: Effect of drying conditions on heat damage, ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility.

Stuknytė M, Cattaneo S, Pagani MA, Marti A, Micard V, Hogenboom J, De Noni I.Author information Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.AbstractThe effects of low (LT) or high (HT) temperature drying on ultrastructural, molecular and in vitro digestibility properties of cooked spaghetti were studied. Starch swelling and denaturation/aggregation of proteins occurring at diverse stages, LT or HT drying and cooking, resulted in different in vitro digestibility of spaghetti. For the first time, these differences were assessed in terms of the release of free AA and simple sugars. Indeed, at the end of in vitro digestion, the total amount of released maltotriose, maltose and glucose significantly differentiated digestates of LT and HT spaghetti (12.6 and 15.9g 100g(-1)). In the same samples, diverse amounts (16.3 and 12.5g 100g(-1) protein) of free amino acids were found. Chemical artifacts occurring at protein level impaired release of lysine in cooked HT spaghetti after in vitro digestion. These results increase the knowledge on digestibility of LT and HT cooked spaghetti.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Apr 15;149:40-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.071. Epub 2013 Oct 26.
The effects of low (LT) or high (HT) temperature drying on ultrastructural, molecular and in vitro digestibility properties of cooked spaghetti were studied. Starch swelling and denaturation/aggregation of proteins occurring at diverse stages, LT or HT drying and cooking, resulted in different in vi
PMID 24295674

Subcellular localization of intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (telencephalin) in the visual cortex is not developmentally regulated in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Kelly EA, Tremblay ME, Gahmberg CG, Tian L, Majewska AK.Author information Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14642.AbstractThe telencephalon-associated intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (telencephalin; ICAM-5) regulates dendritic morphology in the developing brain. In vitro studies have shown that ICAM-5 is found predominantly within dendrites and immature dendritic protrusions, with reduced expression in mushroom spines, suggesting that ICAM-5 downregulation is critical for the maturation of synaptic structures. However, developmental expression of ICAM-5 has not been explored in depth at the ultrastructural level in intact brain tissue. To investigate the ultrastructural localization of ICAM-5 with transmission electron microscopy, we performed immunoperoxidase histochemistry for ICAM-5 in mouse visual cortex at postnatal day (P)14, a period of intense synaptogenesis, and at P28, when synapses mature. We observed the expected ICAM-5 expression in dendritic protrusions and shafts at both P14 and P28. ICAM-5 expression in these dendritic protrusions decreased in prevalence with developmental age to become localized predominantly to dendritic shafts by P28. To understand better the relationship between ICAM-5 and the endopeptidase metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which mediates ICAM-5 cleavage following glutamate activation during postnatal development, we also explored ICAM-5 expression in MMP-9 null animals. This analysis revealed a similar expression of ICAM-5 in dendritic elements at P14 and P28; however, an increased prevalence of ICAM-5 was noted in dendritic protrusions at P28 in the MMP-9 null animals, indicating that, in the absence of MMP-9, there is no developmental shift in ICAM-5 subcellular localization. Our ultrastructural observations shed light on possible functions mediated by ICAM-5 and their regulation by extracellular proteases. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:676-688, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb 15;522(3):676-88. doi: 10.1002/cne.23440.
The telencephalon-associated intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (telencephalin; ICAM-5) regulates dendritic morphology in the developing brain. In vitro studies have shown that ICAM-5 is found predominantly within dendrites and immature dendritic protrusions, with reduced expression in mushroom spine
PMID 23897576

Differential content of vesicular glutamate transporters in subsets of vagal afferents projecting to the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat.

Hermes SM, Colbert JF, Aicher SA.Author information Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239-3098.AbstractThe vagus nerve contains primary visceral afferents that convey sensory information from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal tissues to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The heterogeneity of vagal afferents and their central terminals within the NTS is a common obstacle for evaluating functional groups of afferents. To determine whether different anterograde tracers can be used to identify distinct subpopulations of vagal afferents within NTS, we injected cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) and isolectin B4 (IB4) into the vagus nerve. Confocal analyses of medial NTS following injections of both CTb and IB4 into the same vagus nerve resulted in labeling of two exclusive populations of fibers. The ultrastructural patterns were also distinct. CTb was found in both myelinated and unmyelinated vagal axons and terminals in medial NTS, whereas IB4 was found only in unmyelinated afferents. Both tracers were observed in terminals with asymmetric synapses, suggesting excitatory transmission. Because glutamate is thought to be the neurotransmitter at this first primary afferent synapse in NTS, we determined whether vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) were differentially distributed among the two distinct populations of vagal afferents. Anterograde tracing from the vagus with CTb or IB4 was combined with immunohistochemistry for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 in medial NTS and evaluated with confocal microscopy. CTb-labeled afferents contained primarily VGLUT2 (83%), whereas IB4-labeled afferents had low levels of vesicular transporters, VGLUT1 (5%) or VGLUT2 (21%). These findings suggest the possibility that glutamate release from unmyelinated vagal afferents may be regulated by a distinct, non-VGLUT, mechanism. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:642-653, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb 15;522(3):642-53. doi: 10.1002/cne.23438.
The vagus nerve contains primary visceral afferents that convey sensory information from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal tissues to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The heterogeneity of vagal afferents and their central terminals within the NTS is a common obstacle for evaluating
PMID 23897509

Japanese Journal

Ultrastructural Analysis of an Enterolith Composed of Deoxycholic Acid

Iwamuro Masaya,Miyashima Yuichi,Yoshioka Takahiro,Murata Toshihiro,Miyabe Yoshio,Kawai Yoshinari,Urata Haruo,Shiraha Hidenori,Okada Hiroyuki,Yamamoto Kazuhide
Acta Medica Okayama 68(6), 369-374, 2014-12
A 67-year-old Japanese man underwent enterotomy because of enterolith ileus. Component analysis by infrared spectroscopy revealed that the enterolith was composed of a high concentration of deoxycholi …
NAID 120005525315

Influence of nitrogen stress on Isochrysis galbana strain U4, a candidate for biodiesel production

Roopnarain Ashira,Gray Vincent M.,Sym Stuart
Phycological research 62(4), 237-249, 2014-10
NAID 40020253041

Muscle growth in full-cycle cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis from early larval to juvenile stage : histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observation