trill

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. pronounce with a trill, of the phoneme `r; "Some speakers trill their rs"
2. a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it (同)shake
3. the articulation of a consonant (especially the consonant `r'
4. one quintillion in Great Britain
5. the number that is represented as a one followed by 18 zeros; "in England they call a quintillion a trillion" (同)one million million million
6. the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; "in England they call a trillion a billion" (同)one million million, 1000000000000
7. one million million in the United States
8. trillium of eastern North America having malodorous pink to purple flowers and an astringent root used in folk medicine especially to ease childbirth (同)red_trillium, birthroot, Trillium erectum
9. trillium of northeastern United States with sessile leaves and red or purple flowers having a pungent odor (同)toadshade, sessile trillium, Trillium sessile
10. French painter noted for his paintings of Parisian street scenes (1883-1955) (同)Maurice Utrillo

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. トリル,顫音(ある音とその二度上の高さの音を交露に速く繰り泌す音) / (鳥の)さえずり / (舌先の)振動音 / …‘を'声を震わせて歌う,トリルで歌う(演奏する) / トリルで歌う(演奏する) / 〈鳥が〉さえずる / 振動音を発する
2. (アメリカ・フランスでは)兆(1に0を12つけた数);(イギリス・ドイツでは)100京(1に0を18つけた数)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/02 05:51:59」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Trill may refer to:

• Trill (music), a type of musical ornament
• Trill consonant, a type of sound used in some languages

Fiction

• Trill (Star Trek), two symbiotic races of aliens in the fictional Star Trek universe
• Trill, an infant NetNavi from the MegaMan Anime

Music

• Trill (album), an album by rapper Bun B
• II Trill, the second solo album from Bun B
• TRILL, a song by Mami Kawada off the SAVIA album
• Trill, a song by Clipse off the Hell Hath No Fury album
• Trill Entertainment, a record label

Computer networking

• TRILL (computing), Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links

Games

• Trill, the main character in Captive
• Trill (The Legend of Zelda), a bird in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess

See also

• Triller (disambiguation)
• Thrill (disambiguation)

English Journal

• Direct and long-lasting effects elicited by repeated drug administration on 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations are regulated differently: implications for the study of the affective properties of drugs of abuse.

• Simola N1, Frau L1, Plumitallo A2, Morelli M1.Author information 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.2Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.AbstractSeveral studies suggest that 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may indicate a positive affective state in rats, and these vocalizations are increasingly being used to investigate the properties of psychoactive drugs. Previous studies, however, have focused on dopaminergic psychostimulants and morphine, whereas little is known about how other drugs modulate 50-kHz USVs. To further elucidate the neuropharmacology of 50-kHz USVs, the present study characterized the direct and long-lasting effects of different drugs of abuse, by measuring the number of 50-kHz USVs and their 'trill' subtype emitted by adult male rats. Rats received repeated administrations of amphetamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.), or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.), on either consecutive or alternate days (five administrations in total) in a novel environment. Seven days later, rats were re-exposed to the drug-paired environment, subjected to USVs recording, and then challenged with the same drug. Finally, 7 d after the challenge, rats were repeatedly exposed to the drug-paired environment and vocalizations were measured. Amphetamine was the only drug to stimulate 50-kHz USVs and 'trill' subtype emission during administration and challenge. Conversely, all rats emitted 50-kHz USVs when re-exposed to the test cage, and this effect was most marked in morphine-treated rats, and less evident in nicotine-treated rats. This study demonstrates that the direct and long-lasting effects of drugs on 50-kHz USVs are regulated differently, providing a better understanding of the usefulness of these vocalizations in the study of psychoactive drugs.
• The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology / official scientific journal of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP).Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.2014 Mar;17(3):429-41. doi: 10.1017/S1461145713001235. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
• Several studies suggest that 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may indicate a positive affective state in rats, and these vocalizations are increasingly being used to investigate the properties of psychoactive drugs. Previous studies, however, have focused on dopaminergic psychostimulants and m
• PMID 24138707

• Uneven sampling and the analysis of vocal performance constraints.

• Wilson DR, Bitton PP, Podos J, Mennill DJ.Author information Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.AbstractAbstract Studies of trilled vocalizations provide a premiere illustration of how performance constraints shape the evolution of mating displays. In trill production, vocal tract mechanics impose a trade-off between syllable repetition rate and frequency bandwidth, with the trade-off most pronounced at higher values of both parameters. Available evidence suggests that trills that simultaneously maximize both traits are more threatening to males or more attractive to females, consistent with a history of sexual selection favoring high-performance trills. Here, we identify a sampling limitation that confounds the detection and description of performance trade-offs. We reassess 70 data sets (from 26 published studies) and show that sampling limitations afflict 63 of these to some degree. Traditional upper-bound regression, which does not control for sampling limitations, detects performance trade-offs in 33 data sets; yet when sampling limitations are controlled, performance trade-offs are detected in only 15. Sampling limitations therefore confound more than half of all performance trade-offs reported using the traditional method. An alternative method that circumvents this sampling limitation, which we explore here, is quantile regression. Our goal is not to question the presence of mechanical trade-offs on trill production but rather to reconsider how these trade-offs can be detected and characterized from acoustic data.
• The American naturalist.Am Nat.2014 Feb;183(2):214-28. doi: 10.1086/674379. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
• Abstract Studies of trilled vocalizations provide a premiere illustration of how performance constraints shape the evolution of mating displays. In trill production, vocal tract mechanics impose a trade-off between syllable repetition rate and frequency bandwidth, with the trade-off most pronounced
• PMID 24464196

• Maintaining acoustic communication at a cocktail party: heterospecific masking noise improves signal detection through frequency separation.

• Siegert ME, Römer H, Hartbauer M.Author information Institut für Zoologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria.AbstractWe examined acoustic masking in a chirping katydid species of the Mecopoda elongata complex due to interference with a sympatric Mecopoda species where males produce continuous trills at high amplitudes. Frequency spectra of both calling songs range from 1 to 80 kHz; the chirper species has more energy in a narrow frequency band at 2 kHz and above 40 kHz. Behaviourally, chirper males successfully phase-locked their chirps to playbacks of conspecific chirps under masking conditions at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of -8 dB. After the 2 kHz band in the chirp had been equalised to the level in the masking trill, the breakdown of phase-locked synchrony occurred at a SNR of +7 dB. The remarkable receiver performance is partially mirrored in the selective response of a first-order auditory interneuron (TN1) to conspecific chirps under these masking conditions. However, the selective response is only maintained for a stimulus including the 2 kHz component, although this frequency band has no influence on the unmasked TN1 response. Remarkably, the addition of masking noise at 65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) to threshold response levels of TN1 for pure tones of 2 kHz enhanced the sensitivity of the response by 10 dB. Thus, the spectral dissimilarity between masker and signal at a rather low frequency appears to be of crucial importance for the ability of the chirping species to communicate under strong masking by the trilling species. We discuss the possible properties underlying the cellular/synaptic mechanisms of the 'novelty detector'.
• The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2013 Dec 15;216(Pt 24):4655-65. doi: 10.1242/jeb.089888.
• We examined acoustic masking in a chirping katydid species of the Mecopoda elongata complex due to interference with a sympatric Mecopoda species where males produce continuous trills at high amplitudes. Frequency spectra of both calling songs range from 1 to 80 kHz; the chirper species has more ene
• PMID 24307713

• Models for open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Schuhmacher A, Germann PG, Trill H, Gassmann O.Author information Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany. Electronic address: alexander.schuhmacher@reutlingen-university.de.AbstractThe nature of the pharmaceutical industry is such that the main driver for its growth is innovation. In view of the vast challenges that the industry has been facing for several years and, in particular, how to manage stagnating research and development (R&D) productivity, pharmaceutical companies have opened their R&D organizations to external innovation. Here, we identify and characterize four new types of open innovator, which we call 'knowledge creator', 'knowledge integrator', 'knowledge translator' and 'knowledge leverager', and which describe current open R&D models.
• Drug discovery today.Drug Discov Today.2013 Dec;18(23-24):1133-7. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Jul 26.
• The nature of the pharmaceutical industry is such that the main driver for its growth is innovation. In view of the vast challenges that the industry has been facing for several years and, in particular, how to manage stagnating research and development (R&D) productivity, pharmaceutical compani
• PMID 23892183

Japanese Journal

• 特集 はじめてでもわかる 今どきのレイヤー3スイッチ

• 日経network (180), 56-63, 2015-04
• … TRILL（トリル）という標準プロトコルをベンダー各社が独自に拡張するなどし… …
• NAID 40020407278

• 複数の実ユーザとの共演が可能なマルチエージェント協調演奏システム(学生研究発表会)

• 中村 亮介,渡辺 和泉,後藤 敏行 [他],田村 直良,島田 広
• 映像情報メディア学会技術報告 38(9), 57-60, 2014-02-15
• オーケストラとは,指揮者や演奏者が相互に影響を及ぼしながら演奏を行う集団である.本研究では,これをマルチエージェントによってモデル化し,実ユーザと計算機内部のエージェントとが演奏情報を交換しながら協調して演奏できるシステムの開発を進めている.本稿では,複数ユーザのサポート,MIDI形式への奏法記号埋め込み法,また,楽譜追跡においてトリルやターンなど奏法記号の情報に応じて自動的に確率モデルを修正する …
• NAID 110009809819

• 動的な経路制御におけるOpenFlowとTRILLの比較評価(ネットワークソフトウエア(ソフトウエアアーキテクチャ,ミドルウエア),NWアプリケーション,SOA/SDP,NGN/IMS/API,分散制御・ダイナミックルーチング,グリッド,NW及びシステム信頼性,NW及びシステム評価,一般)

• 山本 直人,梶本 尚子,石井 倫太郎 [他],相原 剛
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. NS, ネットワークシステム 113(388), 41-45, 2014-01-16
• … なっている.従って,トラフィック流量に応じて,ユーザ単位の論理経路(VLAN)を空き帯域を持った物理経路に動的に割り当てることで,ネットワーク設備のユーザ収容効率を向上させることが必要である.本稿では,SDN技術としてOpenFlowに,Ethernet Fabric技術としてTRILLに着目し,輻輳検知や輻輳時の経路切り替え動作などの観点から両技術の評価を行い,長周期・短周期変動トラフィックに対するそれぞれの適性について考察を行う. …
• NAID 110009821304

• ヨーロッパ諸語における様々なr音について : 起源と印欧語学への示唆

• 神山 孝夫
• 待兼山論叢 (48), 33-71, 2014
• NAID 40020387858

Related Links

• Networkキーワード - TRILL とは：ITpro

2010年10月20日 ... TRILLはイーサネットで経路を冗長化する技術である。これまで一般的だった冗長化 手法STP（Spanning Tree Protocol）とは違って、FCoE（Fibre Channel over Ethernet）やサーバーの仮想化と相性が良い。STPの欠点を補い、高速化も ...

• trill - FC2

t r i l l. about · atelier · picture · blog · 取扱店. サイト内の画像・イラスト・文章などの 無断使用・無断転載を禁じます。 inserted by FC2 system.

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