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a salt or ester of citric acid
cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid

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クエン酸塩

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/06 14:44:35」(JST)

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Toremifene citrate is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which helps oppose the actions of estrogen in the body. Licensed in the United States under the brand name Fareston, toremifene citrate is FDA-approved for use in advanced (metastatic) breast cancer. It is also being evaluated for prevention of prostate cancer under the brand name Acapodene.^[1]

In 2007 the pharmaceutical company GTx, Inc was conducting two different phase 3 clinical trials; First, a pivotal Phase clinical trial for the treatment of serious side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (especially vertebral/spine fractures and hot flashes, lipid profile, and gynecomastia) for advanced prostate cancer, and second, a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for the prevention of prostate cancer in high risk men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or PIN. Results of these trials are expected by first quarter of 2008^[2]

An NDA for the first application (relief of prostate cancer ADT side effects) was submitted in Feb 2009,^[3] and in Oct 2009 the FDA said they would need more clinical data, e.g. another phase III trial.^[4]

References

^ Price N, Sartor O, Hutson T, Mariani S. Role of 5a-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators as potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer 2005;3:211-4. PMID 15882476
^ "GTx's Phase III Clinical Development of ACAPODENE on Course Following Planned Safety Review" (Press release). GTx Inc.. 2007-07-12. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=148196&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1025420&highlight=. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
^ "GTx Announces Toremifene 80 mg NDA Accepted for Review by FDA" (Press release). http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=148196&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1257471&highlight=.
^ "GTx and Ipsen End Prostate Cancer Collaboration due to Costs of FDA-Requested Phase III Study". 2 Mar 2011. http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/gtx-and-ipsen-end-prostate-cancer-collaboration-due-to-costs-of-fda-requested-phase-iii-study/81244761/.

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1. 前立腺癌における化学的予防策 chemoprevention strategies in prostate cancer
2. 大量輸血 massive blood transfusion
3. 分娩時の妊婦の気道管理 airway management of pregnant women at delivery
4. 慢性腎疾患における高リン血症の治療 treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease
5. ヒトの疾患に関連する頻度が低いビブリオ属およびビブリオ属類似菌 minor vibrio and vibrio like species associated with human disease

English Journal

Clinical significance of fatty liver disease induced by tamoxifen and toremifene in breast cancer patients.

Yang YJ1, Kim KM2, An JH1, Lee DB1, Shim JH1, Lim YS1, Lee HC1, Lee YS1, Ahn JH3, Jung KH3, Kim SB3.
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland).Breast.2016 Aug;28:67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 May 27.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian women.METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated fatty liver development and/or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation during
PMID 27240168

Toremifene interacts with and destabilizes the Ebola virus glycoprotein.

Zhao Y, Ren J, Harlos K, Jones DM, Zeltina A, Bowden TA, Padilla-Parra S, Fry EE, Stuart DI.
Nature.Nature.2016 Jul 7;535(7610):169-72.
Ebola viruses (EBOVs) are responsible for repeated outbreaks of fatal infections, including the recent deadly epidemic in West Africa. There are currently no approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines for the disease. EBOV has a membrane envelope decorated by trimers of a glycoprotein (GP, cleaved by fu
PMID 27362232

[An Elderly Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer Who Developed Severe Adverse Events such as Stomatitis and Interstitial Pneumonia after Everolimus plus Exemestane Treatment].

Sakiyama K1, Yoshida T, Goto Y, Kimura M.
Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho.2016 Jun;43(6):753-5.
An 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with right breast cancer with clinical Stage IIIA 6 years previously. She underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. The pathological diagnosis was invasive micropapillary carcinoma with lymph node involvement. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was pos
PMID 27306814

Japanese Journal

乳癌治療後に妊娠・分娩に至った２例

産婦人科の進歩 63(3), 301-306, 2011
NAID 130001222819

Efficacy and Tolerability of Weekly Paclitaxel in Combination with High-dose Toremifene Citrate in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Acta Medica Okayama 63(4), 187-194, 2009-08
NAID 120002312579

Anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic effects of toremifene citrate

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 28, 1099-1104, 2001
NAID 80012499643

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リンク元

「トレミフェン」

Toremifene
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	2-{4-[(1Z)-4-chloro-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}-N,N-dimethylethanamine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a608003
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	more than 99.5%
Half-life	5 days
Identifiers
CAS number	89778-26-7
ATC code	L02BA02
PubChem	CID 3005573
DrugBank	DB00539
ChemSpider	2275722
UNII	7NFE54O27T
KEGG	D08620
ChEBI	CHEBI:9635
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1655
Chemical data
Formula	C26H28ClNO
Mol. mass	405.959 g/mol
	SMILES ClCCC(/c1ccccc1)=C(/c2ccc(OCCN(C)C)cc2)c3ccccc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H28ClNO/c1-28(2)19-20-29-24-15-13-23(14-16-24)26(22-11-7-4-8-12-22)25(17-18-27)21-9-5-3-6-10-21/h3-16H,17-20H2,1-2H3/b26-25- ; Key:XFCLJVABOIYOMF-QPLCGJKRSA-N ;
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英: toremifene
化: クエン酸トレミフェン toremifene citrate
商: フェアストン

エストロゲン受容体調節薬;乳癌治療

[1] Price N, Sartor O, Hutson T, Mariani S. Role of 5a-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators as potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Clin Prostate Cancer 2005;3:211-4. PMID 15882476

[2] "GTx's Phase III Clinical Development of ACAPODENE on Course Following Planned Safety Review" (Press release). GTx Inc.. 2007-07-12. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=148196&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1025420&highlight=. Retrieved 2006-07-14.

[3] "GTx Announces Toremifene 80 mg NDA Accepted for Review by FDA" (Press release). http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=148196&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1257471&highlight=.

[4] "GTx and Ipsen End Prostate Cancer Collaboration due to Costs of FDA-Requested Phase III Study". 2 Mar 2011. http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/gtx-and-ipsen-end-prostate-cancer-collaboration-due-to-costs-of-fda-requested-phase-iii-study/81244761/.

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toremifene citrate