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walking with slow regular strides

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『一時の』,はかない,仮の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/12 13:29:19」(JST)

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Transvenous cardiac pacing, also called endocardial pacing, is a potentially life saving intervention used primarily to correct profound bradycardia. It can be used to treat symptomatic bradycardias that do not respond to transcutaneous pacing or to drug therapy. Transvenous pacing is achieved by threading a pacing electrode through a vein into the right atrium, right ventricle, or both.

This means of pacing the heart is not as popular as other means of pacing (see transcutaneous pacing, implanted pacemaker, epicardial pacing) because it is a temporary solution to pace the heart and yet involves a similar level of risk of bleeding as a more permanent solution like placing an implanted pacemaker.

For patients who present in an emergency setting with symptomatic bradycardias, usually drugs like atropine or sympathomimetic drugs (epinephrine or dopamine) can be used to increase the heart rate to an adequate level until the underlying cause of the bradycardia can be isolated and then, possibly, a permanent pacemaker can be placed.

For patients for whom transvenous pacing is chosen, the procedure is done at the bedside with a local anesthetic alone or in conjunction with conscious sedation. The pacing electrode is advanced through the vein under fluoroscopic and electrocardiographic guidance. An x-ray after the procedure is always obtained to confirm placement of the pacing electrode.

The greater use of atropine and epinephrine or external pacing may make transvenous pacing unnecessary by stabilizing patients early in the process of caring for the patient. Some debate exists over the efficacity and reliability of transvenous pacing, especially if the need for permanent pacing is anticipated.

References

Urden, L., Stacy, K., and Lough, M. Thelan's Critical Care Nursing: Diagnosis and Management. Fourth Edition, Mosby, 1998. ISBN 0-323-01461-5
Handbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care for Healthcare Providers. Editors Hazinski, M., Cummins, R., and Field, J. 2004. ISBN 0-87493-448-6
Murphy, J. J. Problems with temporary cardiac pacing. British Medical Journal. 2001 September 8; 323(7312): 527.

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1. 一時的心臓ペーシング temporary cardiac pacing
2. 心臓ペーシングのモード：名称および選択 modes of cardiac pacing nomenclature and selection
3. 小児における上室性頻脈のマネージメント management of supraventricular tachycardia in children
4. Permanent cardiac pacing: Indications
5. 心不全における心臓再同期療法：植込みおよびその他の考慮事項 cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure implantation and other considerations

English Journal

Increased prevalence of temporary cardiac pacing in people with epilepsy.

Akbar U, Rincon F, Carran M, Campellone J, Milcarek B, Burakgazi E.SourceDepartment of Neurology, UMDNJ/Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.
Seizure : the journal of the British Epilepsy Association.Seizure.2012 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Even though ictal tachyarrhythmias are more common, ictal brady-asystole is more likely to be fatal, and yet is potentially preventable with pacemaker (PM) implantation. We sought to quantify the degree of association of PM placement in people with and without epilepsy, including neuro
PMID 22673625

Left ventricular performance during para-His pacing in patients with high-grade atrioventricular block: an acute study.

Kronborg MB, Poulsen SH, Mortensen PT, Nielsen JC.SourceDepartment of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Bendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology.Europace.2012 Jun;14(6):841-6. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
AIM: To compare changes in left ventricular (LV) performance and mechanical synchrony between atrial-based pacing with intrinsic conduction (AAI), dual-chamber para-His Pacing (DDD-PHP) and dual-chamber right ventricular septal pacing (DDD-RVS) in patients with high-grade atrioventricular block (AVB
PMID 22170898