WordNet
- remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
- the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
- consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
- a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
- rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
- having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
- having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
- a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
- (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/26 08:18:09」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
This article is about the rounded end of a bone. For information on the endocrine gland also referred to as epiphysis, see epiphysis cerebri.
| Epiphysis |
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Structure of a long bone, with epiphysis labeled at top.
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| Identifiers |
| MeSH |
A02.835.232.251 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
12338275 |
| TA |
A02.0.00.018 |
| FMA |
24012 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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The epiphysis ([1][2]) is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s). Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate (growth plate). At the joint, the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that covering is a zone similar to the epiphyseal plate, known as subchondral bone.
The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Pathology
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Types
There are four types of epiphysis:
- Pressure epiphysis: The region of the long bone that forms the joint is a pressure epiphysis (e.g. the head of the femur, part of the hip joint complex). Pressure epiphyses assist in transmitting the weight of the human body and are the regions of the bone that are under pressure during movement or locomotion. Another example of a pressure epiphysis is the head of the humerus which is part of the shoulder complex.
- Traction epiphysis: The regions of the long bone which are non-articular, i.e. not involved in joint formation. Unlike pressure epiphyses, these regions do not assist in weight transmission. However, their proximity to the pressure epiphysis region means that the supporting ligaments and tendons attach to these areas of the bone. Traction epiphyses ossify later than pressure epiphyses. Examples of traction epiphyses are tubercles of the humerus (greater tubercle and lesser tubercle), and trochanters of the femur (greater and lesser).
- Atavistic epiphysis: These types of fused bones are called atavistic, e.g., the coracoid process of the scapula, which has been fused in humans, but is separate in four-legged animals.
- Aberrant epiphysis: These epiphyses are deviations from the norm and are not always present. For example, the epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal bone.
Pathology
Pathologies of the epiphysis include avascular necrosis and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). OCD involves the subchondral bone.
Epiphyseal lesions include chondroblastoma and giant-cell tumor.[3]
Additional images
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Longitudinal section of head of left humerus.
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See also
References
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /εˈpɪfɪsɪs/.
- ^ Entry "epiphysis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ "Introductory Course". Retrieved 2009-03-12.
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Bone and cartilage
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| Cartilage |
- perichondrium
- fibrocartilage callus
- metaphysis
- Cells
- Types
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| Bone |
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Ossification
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- intramembranous
- endochondral
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Cells
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- osteoblast
- osteoid
- osteocyte
- osteoclast
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Types
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Regions
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- subchondral bone
- epiphysis
- epiphyseal plate/metaphysis
- diaphysis
- Condyle
- Epicondyle
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Structure
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- Osteon
- Haversian canals
- Volkmann's canals
- connective tissue
- Sharpey's fibres
- enthesis
- lacunae
- canaliculi
- trabeculae
- medullary cavity
- bone marrow
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Shapes
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- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Positive effects of cell-free porous PLGA implants and early loading exercise on hyaline cartilage regeneration in rabbits.
- Chang NJ1, Lin CC2, Shie MY3, Yeh ML4, Li CF5, Liang PI6, Lee KW7, Shen PH7, Chu CJ7.
- Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2015 Dec;28:128-37. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.026. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
- The regeneration of hyaline cartilage remains clinically challenging. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of using cell-free porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) graft implants (PGIs) along with early loading exercise to repair a full-thickness osteochondral defect. Rabbits were random
- PMID 26407650
- Reproducibility of compartmental subchondral bone morphometry in the mouse tibiofemoral joint.
- Besler BA1, Sondergaard RE2, Müller R3, Stok KS4.
- Bone.Bone.2015 Dec;81:649-53. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
- AIM: Evidence suggests that subchondral bone can be used as a predictor for the onset of osteoarthritis. As such, there is a need to accurately and reproducibly quantify subchondral bone in areas where osteoarthritis develops. In this paper, we present a novel technique for the segmentation of subch
- PMID 26424216
Japanese Journal
- ヒアルロン酸とエルカトニンの付加的効果 : 軟骨下病変を伴う変形性膝関節症の治療
- 石橋 直大,廣瀬 友彦
- 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌. 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会抄録 55(4), 689-695, 2012-07-01
- NAID 10031015860
- 高齢者上腕骨頭内の骨密度と screw 固定力の検討
- 山田 光子,山路 哲生
- 肩関節 36(2), 2012
- … We examined cadavers' proximal humeral heads to know the difference of bone mineral density (BMD) and pull out strengths of screws at each region.<BR><B>Methods:</B> … During operation we should consider the above result and insert screws into the subchondral bone 30 degrees up from the surgical neck to get good stability at the fracture site. …
- NAID 130002103707
Related Links
- Researchers are finding out that osteoarthritis is not entirely about worn cartilage. There are other parts of joint anatomy, like subchondral bone, that play a significant role in osteoarthritis. What is subchondral bone? ...
- forum Join the Word of the Day Mailing List For webmasters TheFreeDictionary Google Bing? Word / Article Starts with Ends with Text ... subchondral /sub·chon·dral/ (-kon´dr'l) subcartilaginous (1). subchondral below the cartilage.
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