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Stupor is the lack of critical mental function and a level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. Those in a stuporous state are rigid, mute and only appear to be conscious, as the eyes are open and follow surrounding objects.^[1] The word derives from the Latin stupor ("numbness, insensibility").^[2] Being characterized by impairments to reactions to external stimuli, it usually appears in infectious diseases, complicated toxic states, severe hypothermia, mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia, severe clinical depression), epilepsy, vascular illnesses (e.g. hypertensive encephalopathy), shock (e.g. learning of a death or surviving a car crash), neoplasms (e.g. brain tumors), vitamin D deficiency and other maladies.^[3]

Symptoms

If not stimulated externally, a patient with stupor will be in a sleepy state most of the time. In some extreme cases of severe depressive disorders the patient can become motionless, lose their appetite and become mute.^[1] Short periods of restricted responsivity can be achieved by intense stimulation (e.g. pain, bright light, loud noise, shock).

Localization of brain lesions

Lesions of the Ascending Reticular Activation System on height of the pons and metencephalon have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided lesions.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ ^a ^b Gelder, M, Mayou, R. and Geddes, J. 2005. Psychiatry. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford.
^ Berrios G E (1981) Stupor: A Conceptual History. Psychological Medicine 11: 677-688
^ Berrios G E (1981) Stupor Revisited. Comprehensive Psychiatry 22: 466-478

References

C. Lafosse, Zakboek Neuropsychologische Symptomatologie, p. 37, ISBN 90-334-3995-6.

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English Journal

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome.

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Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a rare, non-immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy primarily diagnosed in infancy, but has also been reported in older children and adults. Acute FPIES reactions typically present with delayed, repetitive vomiting, lethargy, and
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A rare cause of status epilepticus; alpha lipoic acid intoxication, case report and review of the literature.

Tolunay O1, Çelik T2, Kömür M2, Gezgin AE3, Kaya MS3, Çelik Ü4.
European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society.Eur J Paediatr Neurol.2015 Nov;19(6):730-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Jul 18.
INTRODUCTION: Alpha lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant widely used for the supplementary treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Intoxication with alpha lipoic acid is very rare. There is no reported dose of safety in children.CASE REPORT: A 14-month-old previously healthy girl was referred to our hosp
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Novel use of immunohistochemistry for phenotypic evaluation of circulating neoplastic lymphocyte populations.

Finlay JR1, Wyatt KM.
New Zealand veterinary journal.N Z Vet J.2015 Nov;63(6):335-9. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1052765. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
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Japanese Journal

Endorsement of the FOUR Score for Consciousness Assessment in Neurosurgical Patients

AKAVIPAT Phuping
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 49(12), 565-571, 2009-12-15
… Four groups of raters, expert clinicians, novice clinicians, experienced nurses, and inexperienced nurses, assessed 64 patients in awake, drowsy, stuporous, and comatose conditions to investigate rater reliability. …
NAID 10025949363

Middle Cerebral Artery Thrombolysis Through the Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery : Case Report

KANAZAWA Ryuzaburo,KOMINAMI Shushi,YOSHIDA Yoichi,KOBAYASHI Shiro,TERAMOTO Akira
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 44(7), 372-375, 2004-07-15
… On admission he was stuporous. …
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Locked-in Syndrome Due to Metastatic Pontomedullary Tumor : Case Report

INCI Servet,OZGEN Tuncalp
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 43(10), 497-500, 2003-10-15
… This case suggests that locked-in syndrome should be considered in any patient seemingly comatose or stuporous, this syndrome may be due to a pontomedullary tumor, and malignant melanoma metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with brainstem tumor. …
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