昏迷
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- 意識もうろうの状態,ぼうっとした状態
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/09/05 16:02:05」(JST)
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Stupor
ICD-10 |
R40.1 |
ICD-9 |
780.09 |
MeSH |
D053608 |
Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. A person is also rigid and mute and only appears to be conscious as the eyes are open and follow surrounding objects (Gelder, Mayou and Geddes 2005). The word derives from the Latin stupure, meaning insensible.[1] Being characterised by impairments of reactions to external stimuli, it usually appears in infectious diseases, complicated toxic states, severe hypothermia, mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia, severe clinical depression), vascular illnesses (e.g. hypertensive encephalopathy), neoplasms (e.g. brain tumors), vitamin D deficiency and so on.[2]
Contents
- 1 Symptoms
- 2 Localization of brain lesions
- 3 See also
- 4 References
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Symptoms
If not stimulated externally, a patient with stupor will be in a sleepy state most of the time. In some extreme cases of severe depressive disorders the patient can become motionless, lose their appetite and become mute (Gelder,M, Mayou,R and Geddes,J. 2005). Short periods of restricted responsivity can be achieved by intense stimulation (e.g. pain, bright light, loud noise).
Localization of brain lesions
Lesions of the Ascending Reticular Activation System on height of the pons and metencephalon have been shown to cause stupor. The incidence is higher after left-sided lesions.[citation needed]
See also
References
- Ahuja 4th Edition Page 206 ISBN 81-7179-662-1
- Zakboek Neuropsychologische Symptomatologie Page 37 ISBN 90-334-3995-6
- ^ Berrios G E (1981) Stupor: A Conceptual History. Psychological Medicine 11: 677-688
- ^ Berrios G E (1981) Stupor Revisited. Comprehensive Psychiatry 22: 466-478
Symptoms and signs: cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour (R40–R46, 780.0–780.5, 781.1)
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Cognition |
Alteration of
consciousness
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Confusion (Delirium) · Somnolence · Obtundation · Stupor · Unconsciousness (Syncope, Coma, Persistent vegetative state)
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Fainting/Syncope
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Carotid sinus syncope • Heat syncope • Vasovagal episode
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Other
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Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) · Dizziness (Vertigo, Presyncope/Lightheadedness, Disequilibrium) · Convulsion
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Emotional state |
Anxiety · Irritability · Hostility · Suicidal ideation
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Behavior |
Verbosity
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Perception/
sensation
disorder |
Olfaction : Anosmia · Hyposmia · Dysosmia · Parosmia · Phantosmia · Hyperosmia
Taste: Ageusia · Hypogeusia · Dysgeusia · Parageusia · Hypergeusia
Hallucination: Auditory hallucination
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dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo
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proc(eval/thrp), drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Electroconvulsive therapy and/or plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis?
- Gough JL1, Coebergh J1, Chandra B1, Nilforooshan R1.
- World journal of clinical cases.World J Clin Cases.2016 Aug 16;4(8):223-8. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i8.223.
- Autoimmune encephalitis is a poorly understood condition that can present with a combination of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, either of which may predominate. There are many autoantibodies associated with a variety of clinical syndromes - anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is the co
- PMID 27574610
- Acute mental change and hemiplegia after autologous fat injection.
- Kang JH1, Park KH2, Park JS1.
- Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology.J Cosmet Laser Ther.2016 Aug 5:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
- Autologous fat injection is a common procedure used for skin augmentation. It is known to be safe and simple, but severe complications have been reported at times. The authors observed a patient with acute large cerebral infarction including the territories of the anterior and middle cerebral arteri
- PMID 27352047
- Brainstem Monitoring in the Neurocritical Care Unit: A Rationale for Real-Time, Automated Neurophysiological Monitoring.
- Stone JL1,2,3, Bailes JE4, Hassan AN5, Sindelar B4,6, Patel V4, Fino J5.
- Neurocritical care.Neurocrit Care.2016 Aug 2. [Epub ahead of print]
- Patients with severe traumatic brain injury or large intracranial space-occupying lesions (spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, infarction, or tumor) commonly present to the neurocritical care unit with an altered mental status. Many experience progressive stupor and coma from mass effects and transtent
- PMID 27484878
Japanese Journal
- 昏迷 (特集 精神科救急 : 明日への一歩) -- (エビデンスに基づく病態と評価,対処法)
- 救急医学 = The Japanese journal of acute medicine 39(13), 1787-1793, 2015-12
- NAID 40020680038
Related Links
- Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. A person is also rigid and mute and only appears to be conscious as ...
- Synonyms for stupor at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- consciousness disturbance, disturbance of consciousness
- 関
- 意識
分類
時間による分類
- 急性/慢性, 持続性/一過性
PSY.38
- 明識困難状態 < 昏蒙 < 傾眠 < 昏眠 < 昏睡
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意識レベルの分類 覚醒度
- Mayo Clinicの分類
救急 意識障害をみたら
- AIUEOTIPS (also see DIF.96)
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症候学プリント
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DIF.95
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A
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alcohol
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アルコール関連
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accidents, arterial occlusions, arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, autoimmune disorders
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I
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insulin
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インスリン関連(低血糖、糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス、非ケトン性高浸透圧性昏睡)
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inflammatory, intoxication (encephalitis, cerebral abcess, meningitis, alcoholism, opiates, barbiturates)
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U
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uremia
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尿毒症、電解質異常、内分泌異常、肝性脳症
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undefined disorders (narcolepsy, conversion hysteria)
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E
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encephalopathy, endocrinopathy, electrolyte
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脳症(脳炎、脳血管障害)、てんかん後
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endocrine disorders(myxedema coma, hyperparathyroidism, diabetic coma, insulin shock), epileptic coma
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O
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opiate, other overdose of O2 & CO2
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薬物中毒
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organ failure(hepatic coma, respiratory failure, uremia)
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T
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trauma, tumor, temparature
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頭部外傷、脳挫傷、硬膜外血腫、硬膜下血腫
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I
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infection
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感染症、髄膜炎
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P
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psychogenic
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精神疾患
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S
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syncope, seizure, stroke, shock, senile
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失神、クモ膜下出血
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意識障害を来した患者が来た場合:どのような疾患を鑑別に挙げるべきか(IMD.237)
- a. テント上病変(脳幹の圧迫性病変ないし脳ヘルニアをきたす疾患)
- 1) 脳血管障害:脳出血、脳梗塞
- 2) 硬膜下血腫
- 3) 脳腫瘍:原発性、転移性
- 4) 脳膿瘍
- 1) 脳幹出血、脳幹梗塞、小脳出血、小脳梗塞、脳腫痛、多発性硬化症など
- 1) くも膜下出血、中枢神経感染症:髄膜炎、脳炎、 播種性血管内凝固症候群など
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- 1) ショック:心筋梗塞、大出血など
- 2) 薬物、毒物
- 3) 無酸素ないし低酸素血症
- 4) DIC、全身性感染症:敗血症など
- 5) 肝不全、腎不全、糖尿病性高血糖、重症肝炎、内分泌疾患など
- 6) 低血糖、ビタミンB1欠乏: Wernicke脳症
- 7) 脳振盪、てんかん大発作後
- 8) 酸塩基平衡および電解質異常
- 9) 栄養障害
意識障害をきたす電解質異常
- QB.D-345
- カリウムは静止膜電位にかかわるが、ニューロンの活動にはそれほど関わらないから、意識障害はきたしにくいのかもしれない。
- pHの異常も局所的に干渉されるため意識障害をきたしにくいのかもしれない。
意識障害の評価法
- 英
- evaluation of consciousness disturbance
[★]
- 英
- clouding of consciousness, consciousness clouding
- 関
- 意識、意識障害、明識困難状態
意識混濁
- BET 130改変
[★]
- 英
- stupor
精神医学での昏迷
- 自発的な身体的・精神的表出を欠いた状態。感情や言語の表出や行動が全くなくなった状態
- 意識障害なし ⇔ 英語圏では軽い意識障害を意味する
昏迷が見られる疾患
精神医学以外での昏迷
- 意識障害の分類の一つ。自発運動はしばしば認められる。強い刺激に反応して逃避反応がみられ、反復すると指示に従う(例えば、開眼)。
- SPE.624
[★]
- 英
- narcosis
- 同
- ナルコシス
- 関
- 炭酸ガスナルコーシス。昏睡、麻酔、anaesthesia、anaesthetize、anesthesia、anesthetize、coma、comatose、stupor
[★]
- 関
- stupor