出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/14 04:53:10」(JST)
| [ ] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Brackets
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In other scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brackets are tall punctuation marks used in matched pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text. Used unqualified, brackets refer to different types of brackets in different parts of the world and in different contexts.
The chevron was the earliest type of bracket to appear in written English. Desiderius Erasmus coined the term lunula to refer to the rounded parentheses (), recalling the shape of the crescent moon.[1]
Characters ‹ › and « », known as guillemets or angular quote brackets, are actually quotation mark glyphs used in several European languages.[3]
In addition to referring to the class of all types of brackets, the unqualified word bracket is most commonly used to refer to a specific type of bracket. In modern American usage this is usually the square bracket and in modern British usage this is usually the parenthesis.
In American usage, parentheses are usually considered separate from other brackets, and calling them "brackets" is unusual.
In more formal usage, "parenthesis" may refer to the entire bracketed text, not just to the punctuation marks used (so all the text in this set of round brackets may be said to be "a parenthesis", "a parenthetical", or "a parenthetical phrase").[4]
Typographers generally prefer to not set brackets in italics, even when the enclosed text is italic.[5]
Parentheses /pəˈrɛnθɨsiːz/ (singular, parenthesis /pəˈrɛnθɨsɨs/) (also called simply brackets, or round brackets, curved brackets, oval brackets, or, colloquially, parens /pəˈrɛnz/) contain material that serves to clarify, or is aside from the main point.[6] A milder effect may be obtained by using a pair of commas as the delimiter, though if the sentence contains commas for other purposes, visual confusion may result.
Parentheses may be used in formal writing to add supplementary information, such as "Sen. John McCain (R., Arizona) spoke at length." They can also indicate shorthand for "either singular or plural" for nouns – e.g., "the claim(s)" – or for "either masculine or feminine" in some languages with grammatical gender.[7]
Parenthetical phrases have been used extensively in informal writing and stream of consciousness literature. Examples include the southern American author William Faulkner (see Absalom, Absalom! and the Quentin section of The Sound and the Fury) as well as poet E. E. Cummings. Parentheses have historically been used where the dash is currently used—that is, in order to depict alternatives, such as "parenthesis)(parentheses". Examples of this usage can be seen in editions of Fowler's.
Parentheses may be nested (generally with one set (such as this) inside another set). This is not commonly used in formal writing (though sometimes other brackets [especially square brackets] will be used for one or more inner set of parentheses, [in other words, secondary {or even tertiary} phrases can be found within the main parenthetical sentence]).[8]
Any punctuation inside parentheses or other brackets is independent of the rest of the text: "Mrs. Pennyfarthing (What? Yes, that was her name!) was my landlady." In this usage, the explanatory text in the parentheses is a parenthesis. (Parenthesized text is usually short and within a single sentence. Where several sentences of supplemental material are used in parentheses the final full stop would be within the parentheses. Again, the parenthesis implies that the meaning and flow of the text is supplemental to the rest of the text and the whole would be unchanged were the parenthesized sentences removed.)
Parentheses are included in the syntaxes of many computer programming languages. Typically needed to denote an argument; to tell the compiler what data type the Method/Function needs to look for first in order to initialise.
Parentheses in mathematics signify a different precedence of operators. For example: 2 + 3 × 4 equals 14, since the multiplication is done before the addition. However, (2 + 3) × 4 equals 20, because the parentheses override normal precedence, causing the addition to be done first. Some authors follow the convention in mathematical equations that, when parentheses have one level of nesting, the inner pair are parentheses and the outer pair are square brackets. Example:
A related convention is that when parentheses have two levels of nesting, curly brackets (braces) are the outermost pair. Following this convention, when more than three levels of nesting are needed, often a cycle of parentheses, square brackets, and curly brackets will continue. This helps to distinguish between one such level and the next.[citation needed]
Parentheses are also used to set apart the arguments in mathematical functions. For example, f(x) is the function f applied to the variable x. In coordinate systems parentheses are used to denote a set of coordinates; so in the Cartesian coordinate system (4, 7) may represent the point located at 4 on the x-axis and 7 on the y-axis. Parentheses may also represent intervals; (0,5), for example, is the interval between 0 and 5, not including 0 or 5.
Parentheses may also be used to represent a binomial coefficient, and in chemistry to denote a polyatomic ion.
In Chinese and Japanese, 【 】, a combination of brackets and parentheses called 方頭括號 and sumitsuki, are used for inference in Chinese and used in titles and headings in Japanese.
Lowercase latin letters used as indexes, rather than bullets or numbers, followed by unpaired parenthesis, are used in ordered lists especially in:
Square brackets – also called crotchets or simply brackets (US) – are mainly used to insert explanatory material or to mark where a passage was omitted from an original material by someone other than the original author, or to mark modifications in quotations.[9]
A bracketed ellipsis […] is often used to indicate omitted material: "I'd like to thank [several unimportant people] for their tolerance..."[10] Bracketed comments inserted into a quote indicate when the original has been modified for clarity: "I appreciate it [the honor], but I must refuse", and "the future of psionics [see definition] is in doubt". Or one can quote the original statement "I hate to do laundry" with a modification inserted in the middle of it: He "hate[s] to do laundry".
Additionally, a small letter can be replaced by a capital one, when the beginning of the original text is omitted for succinctness, for example, when referring to a verbose original: "To the extent that policymakers and elite opinion in general have made use of economic analysis at all, they have, as the saying goes, done so the way a drunkard uses a lamppost: for support, not illumination", it can be quoted succinctly as: "[P]olicymakers (…) made use of economic analysis (…) the way a drunkard uses a lamppost: for support, not illumination." When nested parentheses are needed, brackets are used as a substitute for the inner pair of parentheses within the outer pair.[11] When deeper levels of nesting are needed, convention is to alternate between parentheses and brackets at each level.
Alternatively, empty square brackets can also indicate omitted material, usually single letter only. The original "Reading is also a process and it also changes you." can be rewritten in a quote as: It has been suggested that reading can "also change[] you".
The bracketed expression “[sic]” is used after a quote or reprinted text to indicate the passage appears exactly as in the original source, where it may otherwise appear that a mistake has been made in reproduction.
In translated works, brackets are used to signify the same word or phrase in the original language to avoid ambiguity.[12] For example: He is trained in the way of the open hand [karate].
In linguistics, phonetic transcriptions are generally enclosed within brackets,[13] often using the International Phonetic Alphabet, whereas phonemic transcriptions typically use paired slashes. Pipes (| |) are often used to indicate a morphophonemic rather than phonemic representation. Other conventions are double slashes (// //), double pipes (|| ||) and curly brackets ({ }).
Brackets (called move-left symbols or move right symbols) are added to the sides of text in proofreading to indicate changes in indentation:
| Move left | [To Fate I sue, of other means bereft, the only refuge for the wretched left. |
|---|---|
| Center | ]Paradise Lost[ |
| Move up |
Brackets are used to denote parts of the text that need to be checked when preparing drafts prior to finalizing a document. They often denote points that have not yet been agreed to in legal drafts and the year in which a report was made for certain case law decisions.
Brackets are used in mathematics in a variety of notations, including standard notations for intervals, commutators, the floor function, the Lie bracket, the Iverson bracket, and matrices.
Brackets can also be used in chemistry to represent the concentration of a chemical substance or to denote distributed charge in a complex ion.
Brackets are used in many computer programming languages, especially those derived or inspired by the C language, to indicate array indexing operators. In this context, the opening bracket is often pronounced as "sub", indicating a subscript.
These are used immediately before or after, and span, a list of items where there precedes, or follows, respectively, one or more other items that are common to that list. This usage, however, is precluded in text-editing software that has no provision for such column- or row-spanning characters.[citation needed]
Curly brackets – also called braces or squiggly brackets in the US – are used in specialized ways in poetry and music (to mark repeats or joined lines). The musical terms for this mark joining staves are accolade and "brace", and connect two or more lines of music that are played simultaneously.[14] In mathematics they delimit sets, and in writing, they may be used similarly, "Select your animal {goat, sheep, cow, horse} and follow me". In many programming languages, they enclose groups of statements. Such languages (C being one of the best-known examples) are therefore called curly bracket languages. Some people use a brace to signify movement in a particular direction.[citation needed][clarification needed]
Presumably due to the similarity of the words brace and bracket (although they do not share an etymology), many people mistakenly treat brace as a synonym for bracket. Therefore, when it is necessary to avoid any possibility of confusion, such as in computer programming, it may be best to use the term curly bracket rather than brace. However, general usage in North American English favours the latter form.[citation needed] Indian programmers often use the name "flower bracket".[15]
In classical mechanics, curly brackets are often also used to denote the Poisson bracket between two quantities.
| This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2012) |
Chevrons ⟨ ⟩;[16] are often used to enclose highlighted material.
In physical sciences, chevrons are used to denote an average over time or over another continuous parameter. For example,
The inner product of two vectors is commonly written as , but the notation (a, b) is also used.
In mathematical physics, especially quantum mechanics, it is common to write the inner product between elements as , as a short version of , or , where is an operator. This is known as Dirac notation or bra-ket notation.
In set theory, chevrons or parentheses are used to denote ordered pairs and other tuples, whereas curly brackets are used for unordered sets.
In linguistics, chevrons indicate graphemes (i.e., written letters) or orthography, as in “The English word /kæt/ is spelled ⟨cat⟩.” In epigraphy, they may be used for mechanical transliterations of a text into the Latin script.
In textual criticism, and hence in many editions of pre-modern works, chevrons denote sections of the text which are illegible or otherwise lost; the editor will often insert his own reconstruction where possible within them.
Chevrons are infrequently used to denote words that are thought instead of spoken, such as:
The mathematical or logical symbols for greater-than (>) and less-than (<) are inequality symbols, and are not punctuation marks when so used. Nevertheless, true chevrons are not available on a typical computer keyboard, but the less-than and greater-than symbols are, so they are often substituted. They are loosely referred to as angled brackets or chevrons in this case.[citation needed]
Single and double pairs of comparison operators (<<, >>) (meaning much smaller than and much greater than) are sometimes used instead of guillemets («, ») (used as quotation marks in many languages) when the proper characters are not available.
In comic books, chevrons are often used to mark dialogue that has been translated notionally from another language; in other words, if a character is speaking another language, instead of writing in the other language and providing a translation, one writes the translated text within chevrons. Of course, since no foreign language is actually written, this is only notionally translated.[citation needed]
Chevron-like symbols are part of standard Chinese, and Korean punctuation, where they generally enclose the titles of books: ︿ and ﹀ or ︽ and ︾ for traditional vertical printing, and 〈 and 〉 or 《 and 》 for horizontal printing. See also non-English usage of quotation marks.
In continuum mechanics, chevrons may be used as Macauley Brackets.
In East Asian punctuation, angle brackets are used as quotation marks.
The floor corner brackets ⌊ and ⌋, the ceiling corner brackets ⌈ and ⌉ are used to denote the integer floor and ceiling functions.
The Quine corners ⌜ and ⌝ have at least two uses in mathematical logic: either as quasi-quotation, a generalization of quotation marks, or to denote the Gödel number of the enclosed expression.
Half brackets are used in English to mark added text, such as in translations: "Bill saw ⸤her⸥".
In editions of papyrological texts, half brackets, ⸤ and ⸥ or ⸢ and ⸣, enclose text which is lacking in the papyrus due to damage, but can be restored by virtue of another source, such as an ancient quotation of the text transmitted by the papyrus.[17] For example, Callimachus Iambus 1.2 reads: ἐκ τῶν ὅκου βοῦν κολλύ⸤βου π⸥ιπρήσκουσιν. A hole in the papyrus has obliterated βου π, but these letters are supplied by an ancient commentary on the poem. Second intermittent sources can be between ⸢ and ⸣. Quine corners are sometimes used instead of half brackets.[18]
In formal semantics, double brackets, ⟦ ⟧, also called Strachey brackets, are used to indicate the semantic evaluation function.
Known as "mouse parentheses" (Swedish: piggparenteser) ⁅ and ⁆ are used in Swedish dictionaries.[19]
These various bracket characters are frequently used in many computer languages as operators or for other syntax markup. The more common uses follow.
a*(b+c) has subexpressions a and b+c, whereas a*b+c has subexpressions a*b and c.substring($val,10,1).(cons a b).queue[3].[5, 10, 15].[ 2 + 3 ] literal causes the compiler to switch to the interpreter mode, calculate the expression 2 + 3, leave the result on stack and resume compilation. As a result, a literal constant "5" will be compiled into the definition, instead of the whole expression.http://[2001:db8:3c4d:15::abcd:ef12]:8080.[[Bracket]]), and single brackets create links to a specified URL (e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket]).These symbols are used in pairs as if they are brackets.
<div>).ul.main>li whereas all direct child selectors of the ul.main tag are targeted).<name> ::= <first-name> <last-name>).When the signs are not used in pairs to delimit text (not acting as brackets):
<> denotes an inequation ("not equal to").<< or >> they may represent bit shift operators, or in C++, also stream input/output operators.In normal writing (prose) an opening bracket is rarely left hanging at the end of a line of text nor is a closing bracket permitted to start one. However, in computer code this is often done intentionally to aid readability. For example, a bracketed list of items separated by semicolons may be written with the brackets on separate lines, and the items, followed by the semicolon, each on one line.
A common error in programming is mismatching braces; accordingly, many IDEs have braces matching to highlight matching pairs.
In addition to the use of parentheses to specify the order of operations, both parentheses and brackets are used to denote an interval, also referred to as a half-open range. The notation [a,c) is used to indicate an interval from a to c that is inclusive of a but exclusive of c. That is, [5, 12) would be the set of all real numbers between 5 and 12, including 5 but not 12. The numbers may come as close as they like to 12, including 11.999 and so forth (with any finite number of 9s), but 12.0 is not included. In Europe, the notation [5, 12[ is also used for this. The endpoint adjoining the bracket is known as closed, whereas the endpoint adjoining the parenthesis is known as open. If both types of brackets are the same, the entire interval may be referred to as closed or open as appropriate. Whenever +∞ or −∞ is used as an endpoint, it is normally considered open and adjoined to a parenthesis. See Interval (mathematics) for a more complete treatment.
In quantum mechanics, chevrons are also used as part of Dirac's formalism, bra–ket notation, to note vectors from the dual spaces of the Bra 〈A| and the Ket |B〉. Mathematicians will also commonly write 〈a, b〉 for the inner product of two vectors. In statistical mechanics, chevrons denote ensemble or time average. Chevrons are used in group theory to write group presentations, and to denote the subgroup generated by a collection of elements. Note that obtuse angled chevrons are not always (and even not by all users) distinguished from a pair of less-than and greater-than signs <>, which are sometimes used as a typographic approximation of chevrons.
In group theory and ring theory, brackets denote the commutator. In group theory, the commutator [g, h] is commonly defined as g −1 h −1 g h . In ring theory, the commutator [a, b] is defined as a b − b a . Furthermore, in ring theory, braces denote the anticommutator where {a, b} is defined as a b + b a . The bracket is also used to denote the Lie derivative, or more generally the Lie bracket in any Lie algebra.
Various notations, like the vinculum have a similar effect to brackets in specifying order of operations, or otherwise grouping several characters together for a common purpose.
In the Z formal specification language, braces define a set and chevrons define a sequence.
Traditionally in accounting, negative amounts are placed in parentheses.
Brackets are used in some countries in the citation of law reports to identify parallel citations to non-official reporters. For example: Chronicle Pub. Co. v. Superior Court, (1998) 54 Cal.2d 548, [7 Cal.Rptr. 109]. In some other countries (such as England and Wales), square brackets are used to indicate that the year is part of the citation and parentheses are used to indicate the year the judgment was given. For example, National Coal Board v England [1954] AC 403, is in the 1954 volume of the Appeal Cases reports although the decision may have been given in 1953 or earlier, whereas (1954) 98 Sol Jo 176 reports a decision from 1954, in volume 98 of the Solicitor's Journal which may be published in 1955 or later.
When quoted material is in any way altered, the alterations are enclosed in brackets within the quotation. For example: Plaintiff asserts his cause is just, stating, "[m]y causes is [sic] just." Although in the original quoted sentence the word "my" was capitalized, it has been modified in the quotation and the change signalled with brackets. Similarly, where the quotation contained a grammatical error, the quoting author signalled that the error was in the original with "[sic]" (Latin for 'thus'). (California Style Manual, section 4:59 (4th ed.))
Tournament brackets, the diagrammatic representation of the series of games played during a tournament usually leading to a single winner, are so named for their resemblance to brackets or braces.
Representations of various kinds of brackets in ASCII, Unicode, and HTML are given below.
| Usage | Unicode | SGML/HTML/XML entities | Sample | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General purpose | U+0028 | Left parenthesis | ( &lparen; | (parentheses) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+0029 | Right parenthesis | ) &rparen; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+005B | Left square bracket | [ | [sic] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+005D | Right square bracket | ] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2045 | Left square bracket with quill | ⁅ | abonnera vb itr o. vb tr subscribe ⁅på to, for⁆; ~d buss hired coach, amer. chartered bus (formellt coach) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2046 | Right square bracket with quill | ⁆ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical/mathematical (common) |
U+003C | Less-than sign | < < | <HTML> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+003E | Greater-than sign | > > | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+007B | Left curly bracket | { | {round, square, curly} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+007D | Right curly bracket | } | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation (Western texts) |
U+00AB | Left double guillemet | « | « quote » | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+00BB | Right double guillemet | » | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2039 | Left single guillemet | ‹ | ‹ x › | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+203A | Right single guillemet | › | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor and ceiling functions[18] | U+2308 | Left ceiling | ⌈ | ⌈ceiling⌉ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2309 | Right ceiling | ⌉ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+230A | Left floor | ⌊ | ⌊floor⌋ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+230B | Right floor | ⌋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quine corners[18] | U+231C | Top right corner | ⌜ | ⌜quasi-quotation⌝ ⌜editorial notation⌝ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+231D | Top left corner | ⌝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+231E | Bottom right corner | ⌞ | ⌞editorial notation⌟ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+231F | Bottom left corner | ⌟ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical/mathematical (specialized)[18] |
U+239B | Left parenthesis upper hook | ⎛ |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+239C | Left parenthesis extension | ⎜ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+239D | Left parenthesis lower hook | ⎝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+239E | Right parenthesis upper hook | ⎞ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+239F | Right parenthesis extension | ⎟ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A0 | Right parenthesis lower hook | ⎠ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A1 | Left square bracket upper corner | ⎡ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A2 | Left square bracket extension | ⎢ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A3 | Left square bracket lower corner | ⎣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A4 | Right square bracket upper corner | ⎤ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A5 | Right square bracket extension | ⎥ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A6 | Right square bracket lower corner | ⎦ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A7 | Left curly bracket upper hook | ⎧ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A8 | Left curly bracket middle piece | ⎨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23A9 | Left curly bracket lower hook | ⎩ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23AB | Right curly bracket upper hook | ⎫ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23AC | Right curly bracket middle piece | ⎬ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23AD | Right curly bracket lower hook | ⎭ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23AA | Curly bracket extension | ⎪ | ⎪ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B0 | Upper left or lower right curly bracket section | ⎰ | ⎰ ⎱ ⎱ ⎰ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B1 | Upper right or lower left curly bracket section | ⎱ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B4 | Top square bracket | ⎴ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B5 | Bottom square bracket | ⎵ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B6 | Bottom square bracket over top square bracket | ⎶ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B8 | Left vertical box line | ⎸ | ⎸boxed text⎹ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23B9 | Right vertical box line | ⎹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23DC | Top parenthesis | ⏜ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23DD | Bottom parenthesis | ⏝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23DE | Top curly bracket | ⏞ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23DF | Bottom curly bracket | ⏟ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23E0 | Top tortoise shell bracket | ⏠ |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+23E1 | Bottom tortoise shell bracket | ⏡ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical mathematical symbols[21][22] |
U+27E6 | Mathematical left white square bracket | ⟦ | ⟦white square brackets⟧ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27E7 | Mathematical right white square bracket | ⟧ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27E8 | Mathematical left angle bracket | ⟨ ⟨[e 1] | 〈a, b〉 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27E9 | Mathematical right angle bracket | ⟩ ⟩[e 1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27EA | Mathematical left double angle bracket | ⟪ | ⟪A, B⟫ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27EB | Mathematical right double angle bracket | ⟫ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27EC | Mathematical left white tortoise shell bracket | ⟬ | ⟬white tortoise shell brackets⟭ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27ED | Mathematical right white tortoise shell bracket | ⟭ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27EE | Mathematical left flattened parenthesis | ⟮ | ⟮flattened parentheses⟯ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+27EF | Mathematical right flattened parenthesis | ⟯ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2983 | Left white curly bracket | ⦃ | ⦃white curly brackets⦄ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2984 | Right white curly bracket | ⦄ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2985 | Left white parenthesis | ⦅ | ⦅white/double parentheses⦆ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2986 | Right white parenthesis | ⦆ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2987 | Z notation left image bracket | ⦇ | R⦇S⦈ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2988 | Z notation right image bracket | ⦈ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2989 | Z notation left binding bracket | ⦉ | A⦉B⦊ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298A | Z notation right binding bracket | ⦊ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298B | Left square bracket with underbar | ⦋ | ⦋underlined square brackets⦌ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298C | Right square bracket with underbar | ⦌ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298D | Left square bracket with tick in top corner | ⦍ | ⦍ticked square brackets⦎ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298E | Right square bracket with tick in bottom corner | ⦎ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+298F | Left square bracket with tick in bottom corner | ⦏ | ⦏ticked square brackets⦐ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2990 | Right square bracket with tick in top corner | ⦐ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2991 | Left angle bracket with dot | ⦑ | ⦑dotted angle brackets⦒ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2992 | Right angle bracket with dot | ⦒ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2993 | Left arc less-than bracket | ⦓ | ⦓inequality sign brackets⦔ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2994 | Right arc greater-than bracket | ⦔ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2995 | Double left arc greater-than bracket | ⦕ | ⦕inequality sign brackets⦖ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2996 | Double right arc less-than bracket | ⦖ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2997 | Left black tortoise shell bracket | ⦗ | ⦗black tortoise shell brackets⦘ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2998 | Right black tortoise shell bracket | ⦘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Half brackets[18] | U+2E22 | Top left half bracket | ⸢ | ⸢editorial notation⸣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2E23 | Top right half bracket | ⸣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2E24 | Bottom left half bracket | ⸤ | ⸤editorial notation⸥ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+2E25 | Bottom right half bracket | ⸥ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation (halfwidth East-Asian texts) |
U+2329 | Left pointing angle bracket | 〈 ⟨[e 1] | 〈deprecated〉 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+232A | Right pointing angle bracket | 〉 ⟩[e 1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF62 | Halfwidth left corner bracket | ｢ | ｢ｶﾀｶﾅ｣ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF63 | Halfwidth right corner angle bracket | ｣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quotation (fullwidth East-Asian texts) |
U+3008 | Left angle bracket | 〈 | 〈한〉 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+3009 | Right angle bracket | 〉 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300A | Left double angle bracket | 《 | 《한한》 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300B | Right double angle bracket | 》 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300C | Left corner bracket | 「 | 「白八櫨」 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300D | Right corner bracket | 」 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300E | Left white corner bracket | 『 | 『カタカナ』 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+300F | Right white corner bracket | 』 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+3010 | Left thick square bracket | 【 | 【ひらがな】 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+3011 | Right thick square bracket | 】 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General purpose (fullwidth East-Asian) |
U+FF08 | Fullwidth left parenthesis | （ | （Ｗｉｋｉ） | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF09 | Fullwidth right parenthesis | ） | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF3B | Fullwidth left square bracket | ［ | ［ｓｉｃ］ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF3D | Fullwidth right square bracket | ］ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical/mathematical (fullwidth East-Asian) |
U+FF1C | Fullwidth less-than sign | ＜ | ＜ＨＴＭＬ＞ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF1E | Fullwidth greater-than sign | ＞ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF5B | Fullwidth left curly bracket | ｛ | ｛１、２｝ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U+FF5D | Fullwidth right curly bracket | ｝ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Braces (curly brackets) first became part of a character set with the 8-bit code of the IBM 7030 Stretch.[23]
The angle brackets or chevrons at U+27E8 and U+27E9 are for mathematical use and Western languages, whereas U+3008 and U+3009 are for East Asian languages. The chevrons at U+2329 and U+232A are deprecated in favour of the U+3008 and U+3009 East Asian angle brackets. Unicode discourages their use for mathematics and in Western texts,[18] because they are canonically equivalent to the CJK code points U+300x and thus likely to render as double-width symbols. The less-than and greater-than symbols are often used as replacements for chevrons.
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
| 関連記事 | 「square」「bracket」 |