関: inbred SHR rat、SHR

WordNet

give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
happening or arising without apparent external cause; "spontaneous laughter"; "spontaneous combustion"; "a spontaneous abortion" (同)self-generated
having abnormally high blood pressure
a person who has abnormally high blood pressure
standing or position on a scale
in a spontaneous manner; "this shift occurs spontaneously"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
(行動などが)『自然に起こる』,自発的な / (現象などが)自然[発生]の;(植物などが)天然の,自生の
高血圧の
〈C〉〈U〉（品質・技量などによる）格づけ,評価 / 〈C〉（個人・会社の経済的な）信用度 / 〈C〉(トン・馬力による)(船舶・車)の等級 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)視聴率

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/12 16:46:06」(JST)

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Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an animal model of essential (or primary) hypertension, used to study cardiovascular disease. It is the most studied model of hypertension measured as number of publications ^[1]. The SHR strain was obtained during the 1960s by Okamoto and colleagues, who started breeding Wistar-Kyoto rats with high blood pressure ^[2].

Pathophysiology[edit]

Hypertensive development begins around 5–6 weeks of age, reaching systolic pressures between 180 and 200 mmHg in the adult age phase. Starting between 40 and 50 weeks, SHR develops characteristics of cardiovascular disease, such as vascular and cardiac hypertrophy ^[3].

Blood pressure in SHR depends on the kidney[edit]

Hypertensive development is somehow connected to the kidney. Transplanting a kidney from SHR to a normotensive Wistar rat increases blood pressure in the recipient. Conversely, transferring a Wistar kidney to SHR normalizes blood pressure in the recipient ^[4]. This also happens if transplantation takes place at young age before established hypertension in the donors ^[5], indicating a primary role for the kidney in the development of hypertension in SHR.

SHR and coping[edit]

Even though SHR is usually considered to be a purely pathological model, the strain exhibit interesting compensatory abilities. For example, kidneys transplanted from SHR to a hypertensive recipient retain better morphology than kidneys transplanted from Brown Norway ^[6], demonstrating an apithological [7] adaptation to high blood pressure.

The stroke prone SHR[edit]

Stroke prone SHR (SHR-SP) is a further development of SHR that has even higher blood pressure than SHR and a strong tendency to die from stroke.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder[edit]

The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) is also used as a model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. If the animal is to be used as a model of ADHD, it is generally advised to start testing when the animals are around four weeks old (PND 28) before the onset of hypertension.

Despite the criticisms associated with using animals to research essentially human conditions, Sagvolden supported his Dynamic Developmental Theory of ADHD using research primarily done using Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Reference strain[edit]

The reference strain to best illustrate the ADHD-like deficits of the SHR is the Sprague-Dawley. Although some argue that the deficits are only present because the Sprague-Dawley is naturally less active anyway.

Other uses[edit]

The Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat is also a model for anxiety.

References[edit]

^ Pinto, Y. M., M. Paul, D. Ganten (1998). "Lessons from rat models of hypertension: from Goldblatt to genetic engineering". Cardiovasc Res 39 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00077-7. PMID 9764191.
^ Okamoto, A. K.; Aoki, K (1963). "Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat". Jap Circ J 27: 282–293. PMID 13939773.
^ Conrad, C. H.; Brooks, WW; Hayes, JA; Sen, S; Robinson, KG; Bing, OH (January 1, 1995). "Myocardial fibrosis and stiffness with hypertrophy and heart failure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat". Circulation 91 (1): 161–70. PMID 7805198.
^ Kawabe, K., T. X. Watanabe, K. Shiono, H. Sokabe. (1978). "Influence on blood pressure of renal isografts between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, utilizing the F1 hybrids". Jpn Heart J 19 (6): 886–894. PMID 374777.
^ Rettig, R. (1993). "Does the kidney play a role in the aetiology of primary hypertension? Evidence from renal transplantation studies in rats and humans". J Hum Hypertens 7 (2): 177–180. PMID 8510091.
^ Churchill, P. C., W. W. Brooks, J. A. Hayes, S. Sen, K. G. Robinson, O. H. Bing. (2002). "Increased genetic susceptibility to renal damage in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat". Kidney Int 61 (5): 1794–800. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00321.x. PMID 11967029.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 高血圧における左室肥大の定義および病因 definition and pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
2. 前高血圧症 prehypertension
3. 高血圧性腎硬化症の臨床的特徴、診断および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive nephrosclerosis
4. 正常圧水頭症 normal pressure hydrocephalus
5. 原発性（本態性）の病因における遺伝的要因 genetic factors in the pathogenesis of primary essential hypertension

English Journal

Resveratrol prevents hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats and mice.

Dolinsky VW, Chakrabarti S, Pereira TJ, Oka T, Levasseur J, Beker D, Zordoky BN, Morton JS, Nagendran J, Lopaschuk GD, Davidge ST, Dyck JR.SourceMazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1832(10):1723-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 May 22.
Resveratrol (RESV) is a polyphenol with pleiotropic effects that include reduction of oxidative stress and increased vascular nitric oxide (NO) production. However, whether or not RESV can prevent rises in blood pressure (BP) is controversial and remains to be firmly established. The purpose of this
PMID 23707558

Potential role and therapeutic interests of myo-inositol in metabolic diseases.

Croze ML, Soulage CO.SourceUniversité de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CarMeN, INSERM U1060, Univ Lyon-1, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address: marine.croze@insa-lyon.fr.
Biochimie.Biochimie.2013 Oct;95(10):1811-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Several inositol isomers and in particular myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), were shown to possess insulin-mimetic properties and to be efficient in lowering post-prandial blood glucose. In addition, abnormalities in inositol metabolism are associated with insulin resistance and with lon
PMID 23764390

Role of haem oxygenase in the renoprotective effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Elmarakby AA, Faulkner J, Pye C, Rouch K, Alhashim A, Maddipati KR, Baban B.SourceDepartment of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA. aelmarakby@gru.edu
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Oct;125(7):349-59. doi: 10.1042/CS20130003.
We have shown previously that inhibition of sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase) increased EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids) levels and reduced renal injury in diabetic mice and these changes were associated with induction of HO (haem oxygenase)-1. The present study determines whether the inhibition of HO
PMID 23611540

Japanese Journal

Animal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Translational research in neurodevelopmental disorders: development of etiology-based animal models)

Arime Yosefu,Kubo Yumiko,Sora Ichiro
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 34(9), 1373-1376, 2011-09
NAID 40018970941

Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Water-Soluble Proanthocyanidins from Persimmon Leaf Tea in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

KAWAKAMI Kayoko,AKETA Saiko,SAKAI Hiroki,WATANABE Yusuke,NISHIDA Hiroshi,HIRAYAMA Masao
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(8), 1435-1439, 2011-08-23
… The antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of water-soluble proanthocyanidins, extracted in persimmon leaf tea, were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats, rat aortas, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. … A vasorelaxant effect on rat aortas was induced by proanthocyanidins, and it was abolished by removal of the endothelium and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase activity. …
NAID 10029591069

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「自然発症高血圧ラット」「inbred SHR rat」「SHR」「SHR rat」
関連記事	「spontaneous」「rat」「spontaneously」「hypertensive」