WordNet

yielding readily to pressure or weight
(of light) transmitted from a broad light source or reflected (同)diffuse, diffused
out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance; "he was too soft for the army"; "flabby around the middle"; "flaccid cheeks" (同)flabby, flaccid
not brilliant or glaring; "the moon cast soft shadows"; "soft pastel colors"; "subdued lighting" (同)subdued
(of a commodity or market or currency) falling or likely to fall in value; "the market for computers is soft"
(of sound) relatively low in volume; "soft voices"; "soft music"
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the hard palate; characterized by a hissing or hushing sound (as `s and `sh'
compassionate and kind; conciliatory; "he was soft on his children"
not protected against attack (especially by nuclear weapons); "soft targets"
using evidence not readily amenable to experimental verification or refutation; "soft data"; "the soft sciences"
willing to negotiate and compromise
to a very great extent or degree; "the idea is so obvious"; "never been so happy"; "I love you so"; "my head aches so!"
(usually followed by `that'
in a manner that facilitates; "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"; "he stooped down so he could pick up his hat"
in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied; "Theyre happy and I hope they will remain so"; "so live your life that old age will bring no regrets"
in the same way; also; "I was offended and so was he"; "worked hard and so did she"
to a certain unspecified extent or degree; "I can only go so far with this student"; "can do only so much in a day"
the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities (同)roof of the mouth

PrepTutorEJDIC

(押されて形を変えるほど)『柔らかい』 / (木材・金属などが,同種の中で比較的)『柔らかい』 / (斤ざわりの)なめらかな,すべすべした / (声・音が)穏やかな,低い,静かな / (見た目に)どぎつくない,落ち着いた / (天候・気候が)穏やかな,温和な / (心・言動が)優しい,もの柔らかな / (体または精神などが)軟弱な,虚弱な / (市況・相場が)弱気の,下がり気味の / (水が)軟性の / (水音が)軟音の / アルコール分を含まない / 柔らかに / 静かに
《様態の指示》『そういうふうに』,『そのように』・《補語に用いて》『そのようで』,そうで・《程度》『それほど』,そんなに・《強意として》《話》『非常に』,『とても』,たいへん・《前に述べたことの内容に対する同意を表して;「so+主語+[助]動詞」》『その通りで』,『本当に』,確かに,おっしゃるとおり・《肯定文を受けて;「so+[助]動詞+主語」の語順で》…『もまた』,『も同様に』・《as~, so…で》~と同じように…,(~のように)そのように・《目的を表して》…『するように』・《理由・結果を表して》『その結果』,それで・《文・節の頭に用いて》『それで』,だから・《驚き・賛成・嫌悪・疑いなどを表して》そうか,そうなんだ,どうかな,まさか・それでよし
=sol
口蓋(こうがい),上あご / (…に対する)味覚;好み《+『for』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/19 07:21:50」(JST)

wiki en

The soft palate (also known as velum or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone.

Structure

Muscles

Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind.

The five muscles of the soft palate, play important roles in swallowing and breathing. The muscles are:

Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing
Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing
Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing
Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing
Musculus uvulae, which moves the uvula

These muscles are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus via the vagus nerve, with the exception of the tensor veli palatini. The tensor veli palatini is innervated by cranial nerve 5 branch V3 (which is the mandibular division of the trigeminal cranial nerve).^[2]

Function

The soft palate is moveable, consisting of muscle fibers sheathed in mucous membrane. It is responsible for closing off the nasal passages during the act of swallowing, and also for closing off the airway. During sneezing, it protects the nasal passage by diverting a portion of the excreted substance to the mouth.

In humans, the uvula hangs from the end of the soft palate. Research shows that the uvula is not actually involved in snoring processes. This has been shown through inconsistent results from uvula removal surgery. Snoring is more closely associated with fat deposition in the pharynx, enlarged tonsils of Waldeyer's ring, or deviated septum problems. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people.

Speech

A speech sound made with the middle part of the tongue (dorsum) touching the soft palate is known as a velar consonant.

It is possible for the soft palate to retract and elevate during speech to separate the oral cavity (mouth) from the nasal cavity in order to produce the oral speech sounds. If this separation is incomplete, air escapes through the nose, causing speech to be perceived as nasal.

Modelling

Within the microstructure of the soft palate, lie a variety of complexly oriented fibers that create a nonuniform surface with a nonuniform density distribution. The tissue has been characterized as viscoelastic, nonlinear, and anisotropic in the direction of the fibers. Young modulus values range from 585Pa at the posterior free edge of the soft palate to 1409Pa where the soft palate attaches to the maxilla.^[3] These properties are useful when quantifying the effects of corrective orthopedic devices such as the Hotz Plate on cleft lip.

Quantitative analyses have been done on bilateral and unilateral cleft palate to better understand geometric differences in cleft palate throughout the course of its development and correction.^[4] Despite the difficulty in finding common, comparable landmarks between normal soft palates and cleft palates, analytical methods have been done to assess differences in degree of curvature of the alveolar crest, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional surface area, and slope of the alveolar crest.

Finite element analysis has demonstrated effective modeling of soft-palate extension and movement. It has also been an effective tool for evaluating the craniofacial effects of corrective orthopedic devices and cleft lip.

Clinical signifiance

Disease

Pathology of the soft palate includes mucosal lesions such as pemphigus vulgaris, herpangina and migratory stomatitis,^[5] and muscular conditions such as the congenital cleft palate and cleft uvula.

Palatal petechiae.

Petechiae on the soft palate are mainly associated with streptococcal pharyngitis,^[6] and as such it is an uncommon but highly specific finding.^[7] 10 to 30 percent of palatal petechiae cases are estimated to be caused by suction, which can be habitual or secondary to fellatio.^[8]

Additional images

Soft palate without tonsils (after tonsillectomy)
Mouth (oral cavity)
Mouth
Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.
The mouth cavity. The cheeks have been slit transversely and the tongue pulled forward.
Human pharynx.Posterior view.
Illustration of the mouth
Lateral wall of nasal cavity. (Soft palate visible in lower right)

References

^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK386/^{[full citation needed]}
^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 1000. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ Birch, M. J.; Srodon, P. D. (2009). "Biomechanical Properties of the Human Soft Palate". The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46 (3): 268–74. doi:10.1597/08-012.1. PMID 19642755.
^ Berkowitz, S; Krischer, J; Pruzansky, S (1974). "Quantitative analysis of cleft palate casts. A geometric study". The Cleft palate journal 11: 134–61. PMID 4524356.
^ Zadik, Yehuda; Drucker, Scott; Pallmon, Sarit (2011). "Migratory stomatitis (ectopic geographic tongue) on the floor of the mouth". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 65 (2): 459–60. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.016. PMID 21763590.
^ Fact Sheet: Tonsillitis from American Academy of Otolaryngology. "Updated 1/11". Retrieved November 2011
^ Brook, I; Dohar, J. E. (2006). "Management of group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children". The Journal of family practice 55 (12): S1–11; quiz S12. PMID 17137534.
^ Page 134 in: Michael Glick; Greenberg, Martin Harry; Burket, Lester W. (2003). Burket's oral medicine: diagnosis & treatment. Hamilton, Ont: BC Decker. ISBN 1-55009-186-7.

External links

Image at WebMD
Anatomy figure: 34:01-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Diagram of the regions of the oral cavity."

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity in children
2. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：中咽頭 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oropharynx
3. 小児における口腔咽頭外傷 oropharyngeal trauma in children
4. Flexible scope intubation for anesthesia
5. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity

English Journal

Histological evaluation of the soft palate in dogs affected by brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.

Crosse KR1, Bray JP, Orbell G, Preston CA.
New Zealand veterinary journal.N Z Vet J.2015 Nov;63(6):319-25. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1061464. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
AIMS: To histologically examine tissue obtained from the thick rostral portion of the soft palate in severely affected brachycephalic dogs, and to quantitatively compare the histological findings with a similar region in control dogs.METHODS: Nine dogs examined for treatment of brachycephalic obstru
PMID 26073030

Comparative Assessment of the Cleft Profile by Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate, Cleft Surgeons, and Lay People.

Meng T1, Ma L, Wang Z.
Aesthetic plastic surgery.Aesthetic Plast Surg.2015 Oct;39(5):757-63. doi: 10.1007/s00266-015-0546-0. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare subjective assessments among patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft surgeons, and lay people regarding the soft tissue lateral profile of CLP patients. We also investigated the correlations between subjective assessments and photogramm
PMID 26304598

The treatment of snoring by radiofrequency-assisted uvulopalatoplasty and results after one-session protocol: a prospective, longitudinal, non-randomized study.

Chiesa Estomba CM1, Rivera Schmitz T, Ossa Echeverri CC, Betances Reinoso FA, Fariña Conde J, Alonso Parraga D.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Oct;272(10):3059-63. doi: 10.1007/s00405-015-3617-6. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Snoring is usually caused by the vibration of walls of the soft palate at the pharyngeal level. Its worldwide prevalence is estimated to range between 2 and 85 % depending on age, gender or population group. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of improvement that can be subjectively ev
PMID 25837987

Japanese Journal

軟口蓋に生じた放線菌症例

東谷敏孝
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(11), 895-899, 2014-11
NAID 40020251211

能動ステレオ法に基づく三次元内視鏡による生体組織の形状計測(一般セッション,パターン認識・メディア理解における組み合わせと統合,文化の振興と教育)

古川亮,西谷維心,青山正人,日浦慎作,青木広宙,小南陽子,松尾泰治,吉田成人,田中信治,佐川立昌,川崎洋
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. PRMU, パターン認識・メディア理解 113(493), 61-66, 2014-03-06
内視鏡診療において,腫瘍などの病変部のサイズや形状を計測することが,診断精度の向上のために重要である.我々は,通常の内視鏡にパターン投光器を取り付け,能動ステレオ法によって生体組織までの距離や形状を計測するシステムを開発中である.三次元復元を行うためには,内視鏡カメラ及びパターン投光器の内部及び外部パラメータを推定する必要がある.特に,パターン投光器の校正手法が問題となるが,本報告では,球面校正儀 …
NAID 110009862521

A Case of Infectious Mononucleosis with a Secondary Peritonsillar Abscess

Kobari Takehiro,Nomoto Yukio,Tada Yasuhiro,Omori Koichi
耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 140(0), 72-73, 2014
… However, the pain in the left side of the pharynx again deteriorated, and swelling of the left soft palate developed. …
NAID 130004707450

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「軟口蓋」
関連記事	「so」「soft」

「軟口蓋」

Soft palate
	Upper respiratory system, with soft palate labeled near center.
Details
Latin	palatum molle, velum palatinum
Artery	lesser palatine arteries, ascending palatine artery
Nerve	pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve, medial pterygoid nerve, lesser palatine nerves, glossopharyngeal nerve
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1112
MeSH	A14.549.617.780
TA	A05.1.01.104; A05.2.01.003
FMA	55021
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: soft palate (Z)
ラ: palatum molle
同: 口蓋帆　 velum palatinum
関: 口腔、口蓋筋、軟口蓋麻痺

口蓋腱膜と口蓋筋の上に口腔粘膜が覆った構造であり、口腔の硬口蓋の後方にみられる。

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「so」

　　[★]

so ... as to do

[程度・結果]～するほどに…な

Weight loss is common and may be so severe as to suggest a hiden malignant tumor.

dysplasia may range from mild to so severe as to represent transformation to carcinoma.

[(…)するよう(な具合)に…

関: because、consequently、since、therefore、thus

「soft」

　　[★]

adj.

(比較級softer-最上級softest)柔らかい、ソフトな

[1] ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK386/^{[full citation needed]}

[GRAYS2005-2] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 1000. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.

[3] Birch, M. J.; Srodon, P. D. (2009). "Biomechanical Properties of the Human Soft Palate". The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46 (3): 268–74. doi:10.1597/08-012.1. PMID 19642755.

[4] Berkowitz, S; Krischer, J; Pruzansky, S (1974). "Quantitative analysis of cleft palate casts. A geometric study". The Cleft palate journal 11: 134–61. PMID 4524356.

[MS-5] Zadik, Yehuda; Drucker, Scott; Pallmon, Sarit (2011). "Migratory stomatitis (ectopic geographic tongue) on the floor of the mouth". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 65 (2): 459–60. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.016. PMID 21763590.

[6] Fact Sheet: Tonsillitis from American Academy of Otolaryngology. "Updated 1/11". Retrieved November 2011

[Review06-7] Brook, I; Dohar, J. E. (2006). "Management of group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children". The Journal of family practice 55 (12): S1–11; quiz S12. PMID 17137534.

[8] Page 134 in: Michael Glick; Greenberg, Martin Harry; Burket, Lester W. (2003). Burket's oral medicine: diagnosis & treatment. Hamilton, Ont: BC Decker. ISBN 1-55009-186-7.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

soft palate