sesamoid bone

種子骨

WordNet

1. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
2. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
3. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
4. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
5. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
6. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
7. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
8. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
2. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/26 16:38:05」(JST)

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Bone: Sesamoid bone
Sagittal section of right knee-joint.
Sesamoid bones at the distal end of the first metatarsal bone of the foot.
Latin	ossa sesamoidea

In anatomy, a sesamoid bone (/ˈsɛsəmɔɪd/) is a bone embedded within a tendon.

Sesamoids are found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect. The presence of the sesamoid bone holds the tendon slightly farther away from the center of the joint and thus increases its moment arm. Sesamoid bones also prevent the tendon from flattening into the joint as tension increases and therefore also maintain a more consistent moment arm through a variety of possible tendon loads. This differs from menisci, which are made of cartilage and rather act to disperse the weight of the body on joints and reduce friction during movement.

Human anatomy

Sesamoid bones can be found on joints throughout the body, including:

• In the knee — the patella (within the quadriceps tendon).
• In the hand — two sesamoid bones are commonly found in the distal portions of the first metacarpal bone (within the tendons of adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis). There is also commonly a sesamoid bone in distal portions of the second metacarpal bone.
• In the wrist - The pisiform of the wrist is a sesamoid bone (within the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris).
• In the foot - the first metatarsal bone usually has two sesamoid bones at its connection to the big toe (both within the tendon of flexor hallucis brevis). In some people, only a single sesamoid is found on the first MTP.

Injuries and variation

• A common foot ailment in dancers is sesamoiditis.
• A bi-partite sesamoid bone is when the sesamoids are in 2 separate entities — usually congenital, but may be related to a history of trauma.
• Sesamoid bones have a very limited blood supply. They are very difficult to heal when not treated early and often times lead to Avascular Necrosis which is bone death caused by lack of blood supply.

In other animals

In equine anatomy, the term sesamoid bone usually refers to the two sesamoid bones found at the back of the fetlock or metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints in both hindlimbs and forelimbs. Strictly these should be termed the proximal sesamoid bones whereas the navicular bone should be referred to as the distal sesamoid bone. The patella is also a form of sesamoid bone in the horse.

In both the giant panda and the red panda, the radial sesamoid is larger than the same bone in counterparts such as bears. It is primarily a bony support for the pad above it, allowing the panda's other digits to grasp bamboo while eating it. The panda's thumb is often cited as a classical example of exaptation, where a trait evolved for one purpose is commandeered for another.

See also

• Fabella
• Cyamella (bone)

Footnotes

References

• Gray's Anatomy (1918) (Bartleby)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 足の種子骨骨折 sesamoid fractures of the foot
• 2. 下肢ランニング障害の概要 overview of running injuries of the lower extremity
• 3. 成人における足の痛みの評価と一般的な原因の診断 evaluation and diagnosis of common causes of foot pain in adults
• 4. 手首の解剖学および基本的な生体力学 anatomy and basic biomechanics of the wrist
• 5. 膝蓋骨骨折 patella fractures

English Journal

• Patellar position in weight-bearing radiographs compared with non-weight-bearing: significance for the detection of osteoarthritis.

• Skou N1, Egund N1.
• Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987).Acta Radiol.2017 Mar;58(3):331-337. doi: 10.1177/0284185116652013. Epub 2016 Jul 19.
• Background Diagnosis and treatment of patellofemoral disorders including osteoarthritis are currently often based on imaging and clinical assessment with patients in the supine position. Purpose To evaluate differences in patellar position in the trochlear groove and to assess the detection of media
• PMID 27287401

• Distal border synovial invaginations of the equine distal sesamoid bone communicate with the distal interphalangeal joint.

• Olive J1, Videau M.
• Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T.Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol.2017 Feb 16. doi: 10.3415/VCOT-16-08-0120. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVES: Macroscopic studies have suggested a link between distal border synovial invaginations of the navicular bone and the distal interphalangeal joint. However, many practitioners consider that these invaginations are directly and solely related to navicular disease. The objective was to inve
• PMID 28205669

• Osteochondroma of the Tibial Sesamoid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

• Ouchi K1, Hakozaki M2, Kikuchi SI3, Yabuki S4, Konno SI5.
• The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.J Foot Ankle Surg.2017 Feb 15. pii: S1067-2516(16)30311-8. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.10.007. [Epub ahead of print]
• Osteochondroma, one of the most common benign bone tumors, frequently occurs in the metaphysis of the long bones. We report an extremely rare case of osteochondroma that occurred in the tibial sesamoid. The patient was a 62-year-old Japanese male. He presented with a 1-year history of pain and a ha
• PMID 28215361

Japanese Journal

• 母趾種子骨の疲労骨折による疼痛に対し結合組織の柔軟性改善が有効であった1症例

• 理学療法ジャーナル 51(8), 715-719, 2017-08
• NAID 40021274519

• Repeatability and agreement of ultrasonography with computed tomography for evaluating forefoot structure in the coronal plane

• Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 10, 2017-04-14
• NAID 120006305754

• A retrospective study of radiographic abnormalities in the repositories for Thoroughbreds at yearling sales in Japan

• Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｔｅｒｉｎａｒｙ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ 79(11), 1807-1814, 2017
• NAID 130006199236

Related Links

• Sesamoid Bones and Injury - Sesamoiditis Causes and ...

The Sesamoid bones are tiny pea sized bones which aid the functions of the joints. Located in the hands, wrists, knees and feet, they act as a fulcrum to help tendons function. They can get injured, especially those in the feet.

• Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot

Sesamoids are two pea-shaped bones located in the ball of the foot, beneath the big toe joint. ... What is a Sesamoid? A sesamoid is a bone embedded in a tendon. Sesamoids are found in several joints in the body. In the normal ...

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リンク元	「種子骨」
関連記事	「sesamoid」「bone」

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sesamoid bone, sesamoid bones

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ossa sesamoidea

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手根骨

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種子骨

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sesamoid bone

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