WordNet

pertaining to or containing or consisting of semen; "seminal fluid"
a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid) (同)cyst

PrepTutorEJDIC

独創的な,将来性のある / (比較変化なし)精液の
小嚢,小胞,小水(気)胞,小空胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/15 01:03:33」(JST)

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The seminal vesicles (glandulae vesiculosae) or vesicular glands ^[1] are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of male mammals. They are located within the pelvis.

Anatomy[edit]

Each seminal vesicle spans approximately 5 cm, though its full unfolded length is approximately 10 cm, but it is curled up inside the gland's structure. Each vesicle forms as an outpocketing of the wall of the ampulla of one vas deferens.

The excretory duct of each seminal gland opens into the vas deferens as it enters the prostate gland.

Function[edit]

The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color. About 50-70%^[2] of the seminal fluid in humans originates from the seminal vesicles, but is not expelled in the first ejaculate fractions which are dominated by spermatozoa and zinc-rich prostatic fluid. The excretory duct of each seminal gland opens into the corresponding vas deferens as it enters the prostate gland. Seminal vesicle fluid is alkaline, resulting in human semen having a mildly alkaline pH.^[3] The alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract^{[citation needed]}, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. Acidic ejaculate (pH <7.2) may be associated with Ejaculatory duct obstruction. The vesicle produces a substance that causes the semen to become sticky/jelly-like after ejaculation, which is thought to be useful in keeping the semen near the cervix.

The thick secretions from the seminal vesicles contain proteins, enzymes, fructose, mucus, vitamin C, flavins, phosphorylcholine and prostaglandins. The high fructose concentrations provide nutrient energy for the spermatozoa when stored in semen in the laboratory. Spermatozoa ejaculated into the vagina are not likely to have contact with the seminal vesicular fluid but transfer directly from the prostatic fluid into the cervical mucus as the first step on their travel through the female reproductive system. The fluid is expelled under sympathetic contraction of the muscularis muscle coat.

In vitro studies have shown that sperm expelled together with seminal vesicular fluid show poor motility and survival, and the sperm chromatin is less protected. Therefore the exact physiological importance of seminal vesicular fluid is not clear. It has been speculated that it is a developmental rest, still seen among some rodents where the last part of the ejaculate form a spermicidal plug which reduces the chances for sperm from a later arriving male to proceed to the oocyte.^{[citation needed]}

Histology[edit]

Low magnification micrograph of seminal vesicle. H&E stain.

High magnification micrograph of seminal vesicle. H&E stain.

Histologically, the seminal vesicles are notable for their tortuous pathways, diverticula, pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium and cuboidal cells along the basal layer.

Seminal vesicles

The height of these columnar cells, and therefore activity, is dependent upon testosterone levels in the blood.^{[citation needed]}

The lumen is large and stores the fluid secretions (but not spermatozoa) between ejaculations.

From inside to out, the layers are:

Mucosa - arranged into convoluted folds, significantly increasing surface area
Muscular - well-developed layer composed of an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
Connective tissue^{[citation needed]}

Additional images[edit]

Human male reproductive system.
Seminal vesicles
Coronal section of pelvis, showing arrangement of fasciae. Viewed from behind.
Male pelvic organs seen from right side.
Fundus of the bladder with the vesiculae seminales.
Vesiculae seminales and ampullae of ductus deferentes, seen from the front.
Vertical section of bladder, penis, and urethra.
Cross section of seminal vesicle through a microscope.

References[edit]

^ Wilke; W. Lee Wilke, Rowen D. Frandson, Anna Dee Fails (2009). Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-8138-1394-8. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
^ Kierszenbaum, Abraham L. (2002). Histology and cell biology : an introduction to pathology. St. Louis [u.a.]: Mosby. p. 558. ISBN 0-323-01639-1.
^ "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HUMAN SEMEN AND OF THE SECRETIONS OF THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES". http://ajplegacy.physiology.org. Retrieved 2010-08-10.

External links[edit]

BU Histology Learning System: 17501loa - "Male Reproductive System: prostate, seminal vesicle"
SUNY Labs 44:04-0202 - "The Male Pelvis: The Urinary Bladder"
SUNY Labs 44:08-0103 - "The Male Pelvis: Structures Located Posterior to the Urinary Bladder"

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration using transanal minimal invasive surgery technique with en bloc bilateral lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer.

Hayashi K1, Kotake M2, Kakiuchi D2, Yamada S2, Hada M2, Kato Y2, Hiranuma C2, Oyama K2, Hara T2.
Surgical case reports.Surg Case Rep.2016 Dec;2(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s40792-016-0198-6. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
A 59-year-old man presenting with fecal occult blood visited our hospital. He was diagnosed with advanced lower rectal cancer, which was contiguous with the prostate and the left seminal vesicle. There were no metastatic lesions with lymph nodes or other organs. We performed laparoscopic total pelvi
PMID 27460130

Invalidation of Diphyllobothrium hottai (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Banzai-Umehara A1, Suzuki M1, Akiyama T1, Ooi HK2, Kawakami Y3.
Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2016 Oct;65(5 Pt A):459-62. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.06.011. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
Diphyllobothrium hottai Yazaki, Fukumoto & Abe, 1988 was described based on the morphology of adult worms recovered from golden hamsters that had been experimentally infected with plerocercoids obtained from Japanese surf smelts (Hypomesus pretiosus japonicus) and olive rainbow smelts (Osmerus e
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The occurrence of the common European fish cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) in the River Irtysh, China: a morphological characterization and molecular data.

Xi BW, Barčák D, Oros M, Chen K, Xie J.
Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland.Acta Parasitol.2016 Sep 1;61(3):493-9. doi: 10.1515/ap-2016-0065.
The cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) is a highly polymorphic species with several morphotypes, and belongs to the most widespread species of monozoic tapeworm (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) found in the Palaearctic zoogeographic region with a wide range of cyprinid fish hosts. This paper pr
PMID 27447211

Japanese Journal

フィブリン糊充填療法が奏功した精嚢直腸瘻の1例

惣田哲次,木内寛,角田洋一 [他]
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(12), 795-798, 2013-12
NAID 40019923539

フィブリン糊充填療法が奏功した精嚢直腸瘻の1例

惣田哲次,木内寛,角田洋一,中井康友,水島恒和,辻村晃,野々村祝夫
泌尿器科紀要 59(12), 795-798, 2013-12
… Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed air collection in the left seminal vesicle and bladder, and colonoscopy demonstrated a fistula at the anastomotic site. … Abdominal CT following the fistulography under colonoscopy demonstrated fistulous communication between the rectum and left seminal vesicle. …
NAID 120005359206

症例精囊に生じた扁平上皮癌

黒部匡広,宮川友明,池田篤史 [他]
臨床泌尿器科 67(12), 969-973, 2013-11
NAID 40019862470

Related Pictures

Seminal Vesicle, LM - Stock Image - C014/4321 - Science Photo Library File:Seminal vesicle high mag.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Histology Slides Database: Seminal Vesicle high resolution histology diagram Webpathology.com: A Collection of Surgical Pathology Images Human seminal vesicle – hdmacademy.com normal-seminal-vesicle-2 - NUS Pathology normal-seminal-vesicle-3 - NUS Pathology

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「精嚢」「vesicular gland」
拡張検索	「seminal vesicle secretory protein」
関連記事	「seminal」「vesicle」

「精嚢」

Seminal vesicle
	Human Male Anatomy
	Prostate with seminal vesicles and seminal ducts, viewed from in front and above.
Latin	Vesiculae seminales
Gray's	subject #260 1246
Artery	Inferior vesical artery, middle rectal artery
Lymph	External iliac lymph nodes, internal iliac lymph nodes
Precursor	Wolffian duct
MeSH	Seminal+Vesicles