screamer

　 　 　

WordNet

1. gooselike aquatic bird of South America having a harsh trumpeting call
2. a sensational newspaper headline
3. screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead (同)Anhima cornuta
4. distinguished from the horned screamer by a feathery crest on the back of the head
5. make a loud, piercing sound; "Fighter planes are screaming through the skies"
6. sharp piercing cry; "her screaming attracted the neighbors" (同)screaming, shriek, shrieking, screech, screeching

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 金切り声で叫ぶ人;キーキーいう物 / 奇抜な話・(新聞第一面の)大見出し
2. (恐怖・苦痛などで)〈人が〉『悲鳴をあげる』,金切り声を出す / 〈鳥・気笛などが〉『かん高い音を出す』 / どなる,わめく,金切り声で言う / …‘を'『金切り声で言う』,大声で叫ぶ・金切り声,かん高い(鋭い)音 / 《俗》とてもおもしろおかしい人(物)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/24 13:51:13」(JST)

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For other uses, see Screamer (disambiguation).

Screamers
Southern screamer (Chauna torquata)
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Subclass:	Neornithes
Infraclass:	Galloanserae
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anhimidae Stejneger, 1885
Genera
Anhima Chauna
The world distribution/species density of screamers

The screamers are a small clade of birds (Anhimidae). For a long time, they were thought to be most closely related to the Galliformes because of similar bills, but they are instead more closely related to ducks (family Anatidae), most closely to the magpie goose (which some DNA evidence suggests are closer to screamers than to ducks). The clade is exceptional within the living birds in lacking uncinate processes of ribs. The screamers are represented by three species, the horned screamer (Anhima cornuta), the southern screamer or crested screamer (Chauna torquata) and the northern screamer or black-necked screamer (Chauna chavaria). A penis is absent in the males, and the birds' skin has a layer about a quarter of an inch thick that is filled with small bubbles of air, which produce a crackling sound when pressed.

Distribution and habitat

The three species occur only in South America, ranging from Chota to northern Pija. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and territorial disputes; these can break off in the breast of other screamers, and are regularly renewed. Unlike ducks they have a partial moult, and are able to fly throughout the year. They live in open areas and marshes with some grass and feed on water plants. One species, the southern screamer, is considered a pest as it raids crops and competes with farm birds.

Behaviour and ecology

Screamers lay between 2 and 7 white eggs, with four or five being typical. The young, like those of most Anseriformes, can run as soon as they are hatched. The chicks are usually raised in or near water as they can swim better than they can run. This helps them to avoid predators. Like ducks, screamer chicks imprint early in life. This, coupled with their unfussy diet makes them amenable to domestication. They make excellent watchdogs due to their loud screams when encountering anything new and potentially threatening.

Status and conservation

Both the southern and the horned screamer remain widespread and are overall fairly common. In contrast, the northern screamer is relatively rare and consequently considered near threatened. They are seldom hunted, in spite of their conspicuous nature, because their flesh has a spongy texture and is riddled with air-sacs, making it highly unpalatable. The main threats are habitat destruction and increased intensification of agriculture.

Footnotes

References

• Carboneras, C. (1992). Family Anhimidae (Screamers). pp. 528–535 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol 1, Ostrich to Ducks Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-09-1
• Todd, Frank S. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. p. 87. ISBN 1-85391-186-0. 

External links

• Screamer videos on the Internet Bird Collection

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における嗄声 hoarseness in adults

English Journal

• Retroposon insertions and the chronology of avian sex chromosome evolution.

• Suh A, Kriegs JO, Brosius J, Schmitz J.SourceInstitute of Experimental Pathology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. asuh@uni-muenster.de
• Molecular biology and evolution.Mol Biol Evol.2011 Nov;28(11):2993-7. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr147. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
• The vast majority of extant birds possess highly differentiated Z and W sex chromosomes. Nucleotide sequence data from gametologs (homologs on opposite sex chromosomes) suggest that this divergence occurred throughout early bird evolution via stepwise cessation of recombination between identical sex
• PMID 21633113

• Baylisascaris procyonis encephalitis in Patagonian conures (Cyanoliseus patagonus), crested screamers (Chauna torquata), and a western Canadian porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus) in a Manitoba zoo.

• Thompson AB, Glover GJ, Postey RC, Sexsmith JL, Hutchison TW, Kazacos KR.SourceManitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, Veterinary Laboratory Services, 545 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5S6, Canada. umthompa@cc.umanitoba.ca
• The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne.Can Vet J.2008 Sep;49(9):885-8.
• Neurological disease occurred in 4 Patagonian conures (Cyanoliseus patagonus), 2 crested screamer chicks (Chauna torquata), and 1 western Canadian porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus) at a Manitoba zoo. Baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon roundworm, not previously identified in Manitoba
• PMID 19043485

• The mitochondrial genome of the screamer louse Bothriometopus (phthiraptera: ischnocera): effects of extensive gene rearrangements on the evolution of the genome.

• Cameron SL, Johnson KP, Whiting MF.SourceAustralian National Insect Collection and CSIRO Entomology, Black Mountain Laboratories, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. stephen.cameron@csiro.au
• Journal of molecular evolution.J Mol Evol.2007 Nov;65(5):589-604. Epub 2007 Oct 10.
• Mitochondrial (mt) genome rearrangement has generally been studied with respect to the phenomenon itself, focusing on their phylogenetic distribution and causal mechanisms. Rearrangements have additional significance through effects on substitution, transcription, and mRNA processing. Lice are an id
• PMID 17925995

• More taxa, more characters: the hoatzin problem is still unresolved.

• Sorenson MD, Oneal E, Garcia-Moreno J, Mindell DP.SourceDepartment of Biology, Boston University, USA. msoren@bu.edu
• Molecular biology and evolution.Mol Biol Evol.2003 Sep;20(9):1484-98. Epub 2003 May 30.
• The apparently rapid and ancient diversification of many avian orders complicates the resolution of their relationships using molecular data. Recent studies based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences or shorter lengths of nuclear sequence have helped corroborate the basic structure of the
• PMID 12777516

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