- 関
- school child age、school period
WordNet
- swim in or form a large group of fish; "A cluster of schooling fish was attracted to the bait"
- the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session; "stay after school"; "he didnt miss a single day of school"; "when the school day was done we would walk home together" (同)schooltime, school_day
- a building where young people receive education; "the school was built in 1932"; "he walked to school every morning" (同)schoolhouse
- the process of being formally educated at a school; "what will you do when you finish school?" (同)schooling
- a large group of fish; "a school of small glittering fish swam by" (同)shoal
- a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers; "the Venetian school of painting"
- an educational institution; "the school was founded in 1900"
- an educational institutions faculty and students; "the school keeps parents informed"; "the whole school turned out for the game"
- educate in or as if in a school; "The children are schooled at great cost to their parents in private institutions"
- people who are old collectively; "special arrangements were available for the aged" (同)elderly
- at an advanced stage of erosion (pronounced as one syllable); "aged rocks"
- (used of tobacco) aging as a preservative process (`aged is pronounced as one syllable) (同)cured
- advanced in years; (`aged is pronounced as two syllables); "aged members of the society"; "elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper"; "senior citizen" (同)elderly, older, senior
- having attained a specific age; (`aged is pronounced as one syllable); "aged ten"; "ten years of age" (同)of age
- of wines, fruit, cheeses; having reached a desired or final condition; (`aged pronounced as one syllable); "mature well-aged cheeses" (同)ripened
- how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
- a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
- begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
- make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"
- the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age (同)ageing, senescence
- growing old (同)ageing, senescent
- the act of teaching at school
- the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉(施設としての)『学校』 / 〈C〉(大学の)『学部』 / 〈C〉教習所,養成所,訓練所 / 〈C〉『校舎』,学校の建物 / 〈U〉《冠詞をつけないで》『授業』[『時間』]課業 / 〈U〉《冠詞をつけないで》学校教育,学業 / 《the~》《集合的に》全校生徒および教職員 / 〈C〉(学問・芸術などの)『派』,学派,流派 / 〈人〉‘を'教育する,‘に'教える / …‘を'しつける,訓練する
- (魚・鯨などの)群れ《+『of』+『名』》
- 《補語にのみ用い,数詞を伴って》…『歳の』 / (酒・チーズなどが)熟成した
- 年とった
- 〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる
- 年をとること / (ワイン・チーズなどの)熟成
- 学校教育;教育
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/04/26 19:25:22」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"Developmental" redirects here. For other uses, see Development.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
Part of a series on |
Human growth and development |
Stages |
- Embryo
- Fetus
- Infant
- Toddler
- Early childhood
- Child
- Preadolescence
- Adolescence
- Adult
- Middle age
- Old age
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Biological milestones |
- Fertilization
- Childbirth
- Walking
- Language acquisition
- Puberty
- Aging
- Death
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Human development is the process of growing to maturity. In biological terms, this entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being.
Contents
- 1 Biological development
- 1.1 General aspects
- 1.2 Physical stages
- 2 See also
- 3 Footnotes
Biological development
General aspects
Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The genetical material of the sperm and egg that combine to form a single cell, called a zygote, and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences.[1] The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation.[2]
The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material and develops into the embryo. Prior to implantation, the embryo remains in a protein shell, the zona pellucida, and undergoes a series of cell divisions. A week after fertilization the embryo still has not grown in size, but hatches from its protein shell and adheres to the lining of the mother's uterus. This induces a decidual reaction, wherein the uterine cells proliferate and surround the embryo thus causing it to become embedded within the uterine tissue. The embryo, meanwhile, proliferates and develops both into embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue, the latter forming the fetal membranes and the placenta. In humans, the embryo is referred to as a fetus in the later stages of prenatal development. The transition from embryo to fetus is arbitrarily defined as occurring 8 weeks after fertilization. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features, and a set of progressively developing internal organs. A nearly identical process occurs in other species, especially among.
Physical stages
The following are some approximate age ranges for physical development stages:
Stages in prenatal development.
- Prenatal (sperm fertilizes egg - birth)
- Embryo - fertilization - 8 weeks after fertilization)
- Zygote, the single cell stage which occurs after fertilization
- Blastocyst, the stage prior to implantation, when the embryo is a hollow sphere
- Post-implantation embryo, the period 1 – 8 weeks after fertilization (3 to 10 weeks gestation)
- Fetus, (10th week of pregnancy - birth)
Approximate outline of development periods in child development.
- Childhood/Juvenile (Childbirth)(0 - 19)
Further information: Child development and Child development stages
-
- Neonate (newborn) (0 – 30 days)
- Infant (baby) (0 month - 12 months)
- Toddler (1 – 3 years)
- Play age (3 – 5 years)
- Primary school age (middle childhood also called prepubescence) (3 - 11)
- Elementary school age (5 - 11)
- Preadolescence (The child in this and the previous phase are called schoolchild (schoolboy or schoolgirl), when still of primary school age.) (9 – 11 years)
- Adolescence (12 – 19 years)
- Peripuberty (8[3]-10[4] until 15[4]-17[5])
- Adulthood (20+ years)
- Young adulthood (20 – 39 years)
- Middle adulthood (40 – 60 years)
- Elder/Senior citizen (60+ years)
- Death (age is not predictable)
- Decomposition (breakdown of the body after death)
Also sometimes used are terms that specify one's age in numbers, such as:
- Baby (0)
- Toddler (1 - 2)
- Preschooler (3 - 4)
- Main childhood (5 - 9)
- Pre-teenager (10-12)
- Teenager (13-19)
- Twentysomething (20-29)
- Thirtysomething (30-39)
- Fortysomething (40-49) (formerly also Quadragenarian, rarely used since 1980)
- Quinquagenarian (50-59)
- Sexagenarian (60-69)
- Septuagenarian (70-79)
- Octogenarian (80-89)
- Nonagenarian (90-99)
- Centenarian (100-109)
- Supercentenarian (110+)
The Tanner stages can be used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development.
See also
- Auxology
- Child development
- Developmental biology
- Embryogenesis
- Life-history theory
- Mammalian embryogenesis
- ^ Sherk, Stephanie Dionne. "http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/prenatal-development". Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health, 2006. Gale. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- ^ "germinal stage". Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Elsevier. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- ^ Growth of Asthmatic Children Before Long-Term Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids T. Moudiou, D. Theophilatou, K. Priftis and A. Papadimitriou, M.D. Journal of Asthma. 2003, Vol. 40, No. 6, Pages 667-671.
- ^ a b Jaffe-Campanacci Syndrome. A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mohammad Anwar Hau, MBBS, MMed (Ortho), Edward J. Fox, MD, Justin M. Cates, MD, PhD, Brian E. Brigman, MD and Henry J. Mankin, MD. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 84:634-638 (2002)
- ^ Persistent osteopenia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) – Factors predisposing to generalized osteopenia, a cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation Warren T.K. Leea, C.S.K. Cheunga, Y.K. Tsec, W.W. Chaua, L. Qina and Jack C.Y. Chenga. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2006.08.003
Human biological and psychological development
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Pre- and perinatal |
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Postnatal development |
- Infant
- Toddler
- Preschool / Early childhood
- Elementary school
- Preadolescence
- Adolescence
- Middle age
- Old age
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Legal and general definitions
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- Minor
- Infancy
- Child
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Age of majority
- Adult
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Developmental events and phases |
- Gestational age
- Prenatal development
- Birth
- Child development (stages)
- Cognitive development of infants
- Human development
- Puberty
- Ageing
- Senescence
- Death
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Development and psychology |
- Pre- and perinatal psychology
- Infant and child psychology
- Adolescent psychology
- Youth development
- Young adult psychology
- Adult development
- Developmental psychology
- Psychological maturity
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Theorists and
theories
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- Bowlby (Attachment theory)
- Bronfenbrenner (Ecological systems theory)
- Erikson (Psychosocial development)
- Freud (Psychosexual development)
- Kohlberg (Kohlberg's stages of moral development|Moral development)
- Piaget (Cognitive development)
- Vygotsky (Cultural-historical psychology)
- Evolutionary developmental psychology
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Human embryogenesis in the first three weeks
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Week 1 |
- Fertilization
- Oocyte activation
- Zygote
- Cleavage
- Blastomere
- Morula
- Blastocoele
- Blastocyst
- Blastula
- Inner cell mass
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Week 2
(Bilaminar) |
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Week 3
(Trilaminar) |
Germ layers |
- Archenteron/Primitive streak
- Primitive pit
- Primitive knot/Blastopore
- Primitive groove
- Gastrula
- Regional specification
- Embryonic disc
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Ectoderm |
- Surface ectoderm
- Neuroectoderm
- Somatopleuric mesenchyme
- Neurulation
- Neural crest
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Endoderm |
- Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
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Mesoderm |
- Axial mesoderm
- Paraxial
- Intermediate
- Lateral plate
- Intraembryonic coelom
- Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
- Somatopleuric mesenchyme
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Index of developmental medicine
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Description |
- Embryology
- Cell lines
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- ectoderm
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Disease |
- Due to toxins
- Syndromes
- Chromosomal
- Neonate
- Twins
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- BikeSafe: Evaluating a bicycle safety program for middle school aged children.
- Hooshmand J1, Hotz G2, Neilson V2, Chandler L2.Author information 1University of Miami: Miller School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address: jhooshmand@med.miami.edu.2University of Miami: Miller School of Medicine, United States.AbstractPURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a bicycle safety education curriculum for middle school age children in order to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities of bicyclists hit by cars in Miami-Dade County.
- Accident; analysis and prevention.Accid Anal Prev.2014 May;66:182-6. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.01.011. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a bicycle safety education curriculum for middle school age children in order to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities of bicyclists hit by cars in Miami-Dade County.METHODS: The University of Miami BikeSafe(®) program inc
- PMID 24560440
- Wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in children with tuberous sclerosis complex - Follow-up of 20 children.
- Mettin RR1, Merkenschlager A1, Bernhard MK1, Elix H2, Hirsch W3, Kiess W1, Syrbe S4.Author information 1Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany.2Clinic for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Germany.3Department of Imaging and Radiotherapy, Section Paediatric Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany.4Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: steffen.syrbe@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.AbstractTSC is a multisystem genetic disorder predisposing to multiple organ manifestations and developmental problems. Clinical follow-up of patients remains a challenge for the caring paediatrician. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic data in 20 children with the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) to answer the following questions: are the clinical guidelines and imaging strategies appropriate to discover complications, are there significant early predictors of long-term prognosis, what is the age range for signs and symptoms to occur. Results: Cardiac rhabdomyoma were present in 18 children and occurred as earliest manifestation. 8 of these exhibited associated arrhythmia or congenital cardiac anomalies. Seizures combined with cortical tubers and subependymal nodules occurred in 18 patients and were most likely to start in infancy, which was associated with later cognitive impairment. Cutaneous manifestations (15 children) occurred in late childhood and school age, whilst renal angiomyolipomas (11) developed in puberty. Discussion: The clinical course and imaging strategies are compared with data from previous studies. A review of TSC in regard to the multiple manifestations is provided.
- Brain & development.Brain Dev.2014 Apr;36(4):306-14. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.05.006. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
- TSC is a multisystem genetic disorder predisposing to multiple organ manifestations and developmental problems. Clinical follow-up of patients remains a challenge for the caring paediatrician. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic data
- PMID 23751858
- Towards a richer understanding of school-age children's experiences of domestic violence: The voices of children and their mothers.
- Swanston J1, Bowyer L, Vetere A.Author information 11South Buckinghamshire Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, UK.AbstractMillions of children are exposed to domestic violence. How children negotiate and make sense of living with domestic violence is still under-researched. This study sought to capture the dual-perspectives of school-aged children and their mothers, to develop a richer understanding of children's experiences of domestic violence, using a community-based sample. A qualitative research design was employed, with interpretative phenomenological analysis used to interpret the data. Five school-aged children and three of their mothers participated in the study. Two master themes are discussed from the analysis of the children's perspective: domestic violence through the eyes of children; and learning from children's experiences. Two master themes are discussed from the analysis of the mothers' perspective: reflecting on the child in the context of domestic violence; and learning from mothers: insights, support and services. The crucial importance of the mother-child relationship in shaping children's experience of domestic violence was illustrated in both the perspectives; a finding which may have important implications for the development of interventions. It was also evident that children as young as eight were able to powerfully articulate their experiences of domestic violence.
- Clinical child psychology and psychiatry.Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry.2014 Apr;19(2):184-201. doi: 10.1177/1359104513485082. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
- Millions of children are exposed to domestic violence. How children negotiate and make sense of living with domestic violence is still under-researched. This study sought to capture the dual-perspectives of school-aged children and their mothers, to develop a richer understanding of children's exper
- PMID 23615339
Japanese Journal
- Communication attitudes of Japanese school-age children who stutter
- Kawai Norimune,Healey E. Charles,Nagasawa Taiko,Vanryckeghem Martine
- Journal of Communication Disorders 45(5), 348-354, 2102
- The present study examined listeners' identification and rating of words in passages as stuttered when the duration and frequency of occurrence of sound prolongations were manipulated. Thirty-six part …
- NAID 120005308236
- 幼児期・児童期の定型発達児における視空間性ワーキングメモリの発達に関する基礎的研究
- 幼児期・児童期の定型発達児における視空間性ワーキングメモリの発達に関する基礎的研究
Related Links
- During his school-age he clearly preferred the out-door sports of his companions to the in-door tasks of his teachers.
- School-Age Kids Have a New Agenda "School-age children are much more self-directed and peer-focused than when they were preschoolers. And their behavior and communication style seem to change overnight. There ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- school-age, school child age, school period
- 関
- 年齢、小学校
小学校
- 4月1日に 6歳:小1
- 4月1日に 7歳:小2
- 4月1日に 8歳:小3
- 4月1日に 9歳:小4
- 4月1日に10歳:小5
- 4月1日に11歳:小6
[★]
- 関
- school child age、school-age
[★]
- 関
- school period、school-age
[★]
- 年を取ること、加齢、廊下。経年変化、時間効果、熟成、エージング。
- 関
- age、senescence、senescent、senile、senility
- 同
- older adults
[★]
- 関
- advanced glycation end product、advanced glycation endproduct、advanced glycosylation end product
[★]
- 関
- aged、ageing、aging、year old
[★]
- 関
- age、elderly
[★]
- 関
- faculty、undergraduate