関: scalenus muscle

WordNet

any of four pairs of muscles extending from the cervical vertebrae to the second rib; involved in moving the neck and in breathing (同)scalene_muscle, musculus scalenus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/10 02:03:48」(JST)

wiki en

The scalene muscles (from Greek σκαληνός, or skalenos, meaning uneven^[1]) are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.

They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C6.

Origin and insertion

They originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of C2 to C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs. Thus they are called the lateral vertebral muscles.^[2]

Function

The action of the anterior and middle scalene muscles is to elevate the first rib and laterally flex the neck to the same side;^[3] the action of the posterior scalene is to elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side.

They also act as accessory muscles of inspiration, along with the sternocleidomastoids.

Relations

The scalene muscles have an important relationship to other structures in the neck. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes. The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as it crosses over the first rib.

The passing of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery through the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus (the term "scalene fissure" is also used). The region in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trapezius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle.

References

^ Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 1395
^ Henry Gray (1913). "Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied". http://books.google.com/books?id=lYRKAAAAMAAJ&output=html_text.
^ Buford JA, Yoder SM, Heiss DG, Chidley JV (Oct 2002). "Actions of the scalene muscles for rotation of the cervical spine in macaque and human". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 32 (10): 488–96. PMID 12403200.

Additional images

Musculi coli base

The origin of the scalenes is 1st and 2nd ribs The insertion is the transverse processes of c2-c7.

UpToDate Contents

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1. Vertebral artery revascularization
2. 頸部神経根障害の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy
3. 頸部の疼痛または損傷がみられる小児または思春期のアスリートに対するアプローチ approach to the child or adolescent athlete with neck pain or injury

English Journal

Fiber types of the anterior and lateral cervical muscles in elderly males.

Cornwall J1, Kennedy E.
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society.Eur Spine J.2015 Sep;24(9):1986-91. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-3795-3. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
PURPOSE: The anterior and lateral cervical muscles (ALCM) are generally considered to be postural, yet few studies have investigated ALCM fiber types to help clarify the function of these muscles. This study aimed to systematically investigate ALCM fiber types in cadavers.METHODS: Anterior and later
PMID 25681116

Supraclavicular and infraclavicular lymph node delineation in breast cancer patients: a proposal deriving from a comparative study.

Cucciarelli F1, Kirova YM, Palumbo I, Aristei C.
Tumori.Tumori.2015 Sep-Oct;101(5):478-86. doi: 10.5301/tj.5000330. Epub 2015 May 12.
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Current advances in radiotherapy for breast cancer require knowledge of the anatomy of irradiated areas to minimize geographic miss and spare organs at risk. This study aimed at defining a contouring approach for supraclavicular (SC) and infraclavicular (IC) nodes after mastecto
PMID 25983090

The subclavius posticus muscle: an unusual cause of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Smayra T1, Nabhane L, Tabet G, Menassa-Moussa L, Hachem K, Haddad-Zebouni S.
Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2014 Sep;36(7):725-8. doi: 10.1007/s00276-013-1227-9. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
We present the case of a 30-year-old female, complaining of thoracic outlet compression symptoms caused by a supernumerary muscle, the subclavius posticus, accompanied by a caudally inserted middle scalenus muscle on the second rib. This rare anatomic variant was clearly shown on CT angiography and
PMID 24166072

Japanese Journal

頸椎装具装着が呼吸機能と呼吸筋活動に及ぼす影響

佐々木賢太郎
理学療法科学 29(2), 239-242, 2014
〔目的〕頸椎装具装着が呼吸機能と呼吸筋活動に及ぼす影響について検討することとした．〔対象〕健常男子大学生12名とした．〔方法〕頸椎装具にはフィラデルフィアカラーを使用し，非装着・装着の順に呼吸機能検査を実施した．その際，呼吸筋の筋活動について表面筋電計を用いて評価した．〔結果〕カラー装着により呼吸機能は有意に低値を示した．カラー装着により，最大吸気相の胸鎖乳突筋と斜角筋の筋活動が有意に低値を示した …
NAID 130004874911

後ろ受け身動作時における頚部屈筋群の筋活動様式と頭部に加わる加速度との関係

藤田英二,濱田初幸,中村勇,小山田和行,野口博之,松崎守利,安河内春彦
武道学研究 46(1), 21-29, 2013
… The neck flexion strength (NFS) during maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) and the electromyogram (EMG) activities of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and scalenus (SC) of the neck flexor muscle during MVC and the <I>ushiro-ukemi</I> …
NAID 130004688903

Comparative study of the ramification patterns of the subclavian branches as the subclavian artery passes in front or behind the scalenus anterior muscle

UEMURA Mamoru,TAKEMURA Akimichi,EHARA Daisuke,YASUMITSU Hidehito,OHNISHI Yoshiyuki,SUWA Fumihiko
Anatomical science international 85(3), 160-166, 2010-09-01
NAID 10026697650

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「斜角筋」「scalenus muscle」

「斜角筋」

Scalene muscles
	The anterior vertebral muscles.
	Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showing the arrangement of the fascia coli.
Origin	cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII)
Insertion	first and second ribs
Artery	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)
Nerve	cervical nerves (C3-C6)
Actions	elevation of ribs I&II

　　[★]

英: scalene, scalene muscle
ラ: scalenus

前斜角筋 anterior scalene muscle
中斜角筋 middle scalene muscle
後斜角筋 posterior scalene muscle

「scalenus muscle」

　　[★]

斜角筋

関: scalenus

[0] Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 1395

[1] Henry Gray (1913). "Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied". http://books.google.com/books?id=lYRKAAAAMAAJ&output=html_text.

[2] Buford JA, Yoder SM, Heiss DG, Chidley JV (Oct 2002). "Actions of the scalene muscles for rotation of the cervical spine in macaque and human". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 32 (10): 488–96. PMID 12403200.

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scalenus